Twenty One Capital, Inc.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual business, financial condition, and results of operations could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report, particularly under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” See also “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to “Twenty One Capital, Inc,” “we”, “us”, “our”, and the “Company” are intended to refer to (i) following the Business Combination, the business and operations of Twenty One Capital, Inc and its consolidated subsidiary (ii) prior to the Business Combination, operations of Twenty One Assets, LLC and Twenty One Capital, Inc combined and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

Twenty One Capital is a newly formed operating company focused exclusively on Bitcoin-related business lines that among other things, offer shareholders a differentiated opportunity to gain exposure to Bitcoin through the capital markets. With a Bitcoin-native operating structure and a strategy designed to deliver long-term value, Twenty One Capital intends to become a leading vehicle for capital-efficient Bitcoin accumulation and related business development.

Twenty One Capital engages in two principal activities: (i) actively accumulating Bitcoin and managing its Bitcoin holdings and (ii) commencing development of educational materials and branded content intended to drive increased institutional and retail investor Bitcoin literacy. In addition, following these initial activities, the Company expects to engage in Bitcoin-centric financial services that would leverage the Bitcoin accumulated by the Company. Preparation for the launch of these consolidated financial services is expected to begin shortly, with launch timing subject to regulatory approvals, market needs and the macroeconomic environment. The Company’s ability to generate revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend on its ability to raise capital and to develop and improve its learning programs and educational content towards greater adoption of Bitcoin.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Twenty One Capital expects to remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (1) following the fifth anniversary of the consummation of the Business Combination, (2) in which Twenty One Capital has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (3) in which the Company is deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of Company Stock that is held by non-affiliates equaled or exceeded $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, and (ii) the date on which Twenty One Capital has issued more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. The Company expects to remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (i) the market value of the Company’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates is equal to or exceeds $250 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, or (ii) its annual revenues is equal to or exceeds $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of the Company’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates is equal to or exceeds $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter.

Recent Developments

Business Combination with CEP

On April 22, 2025, CEP, the Company, CEP Merger Sub, Twenty One Assets, Tether, Bitfinex and, solely for certain limited purposes, SoftBank, entered into the Business Combination Agreement (as amended on July 26, 2025). Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, on December 8, 2025 (Closing), (i) CEP merged with and into CEP Merger Sub in the CEP Merger, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the CEP Surviving Subsidiary, as a result of which CEP Shareholders received one share of Class A Common Stock for each CEP Class A Ordinary Share held by such CEP Shareholder (including the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued upon conversion of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares in accordance with the CEP Memorandum and Articles), and (ii) Twenty One Assets merged with and into the Company Merger Sub, with Company Merger Sub continuing as the Company Surviving Subsidiary, as a result of which the Sellers received shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock of the Company in exchange for their membership interests in Twenty One Assets.

Concurrently with the signing of the Business Combination Agreement, on April 22, 2025, Tether, Bitfinex and Twenty One Assets entered into the Contribution Agreement pursuant to which, immediately prior to Closing, such parties consummated the Contribution whereby (i) Tether contributed to Twenty One Assets 24,500 Bitcoin, and (ii) Bitfinex contributed to Twenty One Assets 7,000 Bitcoin, for an aggregate contribution of 31,500 Bitcoin, in each case in exchange for an equal number membership interests in Twenty One Assets. Following completion of the Contribution, but immediately prior to Closing, the Sellers owned 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests in Twenty One Assets.

On July 26, 2025, the parties to the Business Combination Agreement entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement (“Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement”) which amends the Business Combination Agreement, to among other things, provide that the Additional PIPE Bitcoin Purchase Price (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) used to determine the value of Tether’s contribution of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) to the Company at the Closing and the number of shares of common stock to be issued to Tether at the Closing in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to the Company shall be based on the Signing Bitcoin Price of $84,863.57, rather than on the aggregate amount Tether paid to purchase the Additional PIPE Bitcoin.

The Closing date of the Business Combination was December 8, 2025. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, CEP was treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes, and Twenty One Assets was the accounting acquirer. Accordingly, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of Twenty One Assets issuing stock for the net assets of CEP, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of CEP were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination were those of Twenty One Assets combined with the Company.

Convertible Notes Payable

On April 22, 2025, the Company and CEP entered into subscription agreements (the “Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (the “Convertible Note Investors”), who have agreed to make a private investment in the Company by purchasing 1.0% convertible senior notes due 2030 (the “Convertible Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $340.2 million (the “Subscription Notes” and such subscription, the “Initial Convertible Notes PIPE” and together with the option for the Option Notes (as defined below), the exchange for the Exchange Notes (as defined below) and any issuance of the Engagement Letter Notes (as defined below), the “Convertible Notes PIPE”). Pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the Company granted the Convertible Note Investors an option to purchase up to an aggregate of $100 million additional principal amount of Convertible Notes (the “Option Notes”) at any time before May 22, 2025 (the “Option Period”) on a pro rata basis based on such Convertible Note Investor’s participation in the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE, which Option Notes have been fully subscribed for by the Convertible Note Investors and the Sponsor (the “Option”). In connection therewith, on May 22, 2025, the Sponsor entered into a subscription agreement (the “Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement”) on substantially the same terms as the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with respect to its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes.

Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, CEP and Twenty One Capital entered into subscription agreements (the “April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements,” and, together with the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the “April PIPE Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (the “April Equity PIPE Investors” and together with the Convertible Note Investors, the “April PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which, at Closing, CEP issued, and the April Equity PIPE Investors purchased, the April Equity PIPE Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $200 million ($10.00 per share). On June 19, 2025, CEP and Twenty One Capital entered into subscription agreements (the “June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements” and, together with the April PIPE Subscription Agreements and the Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreement, the “PIPE Subscription Agreements”), pursuant to which, at Closing, CEP issued, and the June Equity PIPE Investors purchased, the June Equity PIPE Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $165 million ($21.00 per share). Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement and the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, the net proceeds from the Equity PIPEs and the Convertible Notes PIPE were used by Twenty One Capital to purchase the PIPE Bitcoin from Tether.

Concurrently with the signing of the Business Combination Agreement, (i) CEP, the Company and Cantor EP Holdings, LLC (the “Sponsor”) entered into the sponsor support agreement (as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Sponsor Support Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2025, the “Sponsor Support Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other matters described below, the Company and Sponsor agreed to enter into a Securities Exchange Agreement (the “Securities Exchange Agreement”) at Closing, pursuant to which Sponsor will exchange a number of its shares of Class A Common Stock as determined in accordance with the Securities Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Shares”) in exchange for Convertible Notes (the “Exchange Notes”) equal in value to the product of (1) the total number of the Exchange Shares multiplied by (2) $10.00 per share, and (ii) the Company, CEP and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“CF&Co.”) entered into an engagement letter (as amended by the amendment thereto, dated as of June 25, 2025, the “PIPE Engagement Letter”), pursuant to which, among other matters, CF&Co. may receive Convertible Notes (the “Engagement Letter Notes”), such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement (as defined below), (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by the Company and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Assuming no redemptions of any Public Shares (as defined below) and that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor would exchange 4,630,000 shares of Class A Common Stock for Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46,300,000 and CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. With the inclusion of the Subscription Notes, Option Notes, Exchange Notes and Engagement Letter Notes, the total aggregate principal value of the Convertible Notes at the Closing of the Business Combination was $486.5 million.

Modifications to CFO Option Award Agreement

As previously disclosed in Note 10, on December 8, 2025, the Company entered into employment agreements with officers including the CFO (the “CFO Employment Agreement”). Pursuant to the CFO Employment Agreement, on December 8, 2025, the CFO and the Company entered into an option award agreement, where the CFO received an award (the “CFO Initial Award”) of stock options to purchase 941,620 shares of  Class A common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (“Class A Common Stock”), with an exercise price of $14.43 per share (the “Prior Option Award Agreement”).

On January 2, 2026, the CFO and the Company entered into a new option award agreement (the “CFO Amended Option Award Agreement”), which superseded and replaced the Prior Option Award Agreement. Pursuant to the CFO Amended Option Award Agreement, on January 2, 2026, the CFO received an award of stock options to purchase 970,201 shares of Class A Common Stock, with an exercise price of $14.43 per share (such award, the “CFO Amended Award”). Of the CFO Amended Award, options covering 796,951 shares of Class A Common Stock are subject to service-based vesting conditions (such portion of the CFO Amended Award, the “CFO Time-Based Award”), and options covering 173,250 shares of Class A Common Stock are subject to both performance-based vesting conditions and service-based vesting conditions (such portion of the CFO Amended Award, the “CFO Performance-Based Award”).

The CFO Time-Based Award will vest as follows: (x) 25% of the CFO Time-Based Award will vest on April 1, 2026, and (y) the remaining 75% of the CFO Time-Based Award will vest quarterly in equal installments between April 1, 2026 and April 1, 2029, in each case, subject to the CFO’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date. The CFO Performance-Based Award will vest annually in 4 equal tranches on each of the first 4 anniversaries of April 1, 2025, starting on April 1, 2026, and each such tranche will vest subject to (x) the CFO’s continued employment through the applicable performance vesting date; and (y) the satisfaction of each of the following performance conditions during the applicable vesting year, as determined by the Board in good faith: (i) the annual operating budget of the Company shall be within 10% of estimates as approved by the Board; (ii) the Company shall have an unqualified audit of financials, and an unqualified internal controls audit; (iii) there is no loss or misappropriation of, or loss of access to, the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ digital assets (including any digital assets held by a custodian or other third-party on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries), excluding a loss or loss of access where the Board’s actions materially contributed to such loss or loss of access; and (iv) the growth rate in Bitcoin per share of Class A Common Stock on a fully diluted basis is at least 15% between the Closing Date and the applicable performance vesting date. 

In the event that the CFO is terminated by the Company without cause or if the CFO resigns for good reason, the CFO will be entitled to exercise the portion of the CFO Amended Award that has vested as of such termination, to the extent not exercised, in accordance with the CFO Amended Option Award Agreement. The remaining portion of the CFO Amended Award will be canceled and forfeited as of the termination date, with no consideration to the CFO.

In the event that a change in control occurs, and the CFO Amended Award, to the extent outstanding, is not assumed or substituted in connection therewith by the successor of the Company, the CFO Amended Award will vest in full and become exercisable immediately prior to the consummation of the change in control.

Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations and Material Trends

The Company’s future results are expected to be impacted by the highly volatile nature of Bitcoin’s valuation, as well as conditions and trends relating to demand for Bitcoin or other digital assets, and other factors including the successful execution of the Company’s business lines including the Bitcoin acquisition strategy, regulatory and technical developments surrounding Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies, and the effectiveness of our marketing and sales efforts to develop a robust and diverse client base with respect to the Company’s educational and branding strategy. The primary factors that are expected to impact the Company’s results and present significant opportunities, as well as pose risks and challenges, are described below. The Company believes that its performance and future success depend on the factors discussed below, those mentioned in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report.

The following macroeconomic factors and trends as they relate to Bitcoin may specifically impact our business:

Plan of Operations and Expected Revenue Sources

The Company anticipates revenue generation through the following key business lines in the initial period following the Business Combination:

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations for the period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025:

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses was $14,087,675 for the period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025 and comprised mainly of professional fees and stock based compensation.

Marketing and Advertising

Marketing and advertising expenses was $469,530 for the period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025 and represents costs associated with advertising, public relations and promotion of the Company.

Interest expenses

Interest expenses of $347,481 for the period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025 comprises interest on the Convertible Notes and amortization of debt issuance costs.

Loss on purchase of Bitcoin

The loss on purchase of Bitcoin of $61,234,873 for period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025 is a result of a loss on the purchase of Bitcoin from Tether pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement and the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, due to the difference between the price the Company paid for the Bitcoin, and the fair value of Bitcoin at the Closing Date.

Change in fair value of digital assets

The change in fair value of digital assets of $141,199,753 for period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025 is a result of a decrease in Bitcoin value from December 8, 2025 to December 31, 2025.

Bitcoin KPIs

We seek to increase BPS (defined below) by growing our Bitcoin holdings faster than the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock through a combination of Bitcoin acquisitions and disciplined use of equity and credit markets.

To assess achievement of this strategy, we monitor and review the following Key Performance Indicators (“KPIs”):

As of December 31, 2025, the Company held 43,515 Bitcoin and had 346,548,153 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding, representing BPS (in Sats) of 12,557.

Important Information about KPIs

We use BPS and BRR as KPIs to help assess the performance of our strategy of acquiring Bitcoin in a manner we believe is accretive to shareholders. We also believe these KPIs can supplement investors’ understanding of how we choose to fund Bitcoin purchases and the value created in a period.

BPS measures the ratio of our Bitcoin holdings to the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, which provides management and investors a baseline with which to assess our achievement of our strategy of acquiring Bitcoin in an accretive manner over a given period. This metric forms the baseline for our BRR, which presents changes in BPS from the beginning of a period to the end of a period, and which we review to assess the performance of our strategy of acquiring Bitcoin in a manner we believe to be accretive to shareholders.

BRR measures the percentage change in BPS from the beginning of a period to the end of a period, which helps management and investors assess how our achievement of our strategy of acquiring Bitcoin in an accretive manner varies across periods.

When we use these KPIs, management takes into account the various limitations of these metrics, including that:

The trading price of our Class A Common Stock is informed by numerous factors in addition to our Bitcoin holdings and our actual or potential shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding, and as a result, the trading price of our securities can deviate significantly from the fair market value of our Bitcoin, and neither BPS nor BRR is indicative or predictive of the trading price of our securities.

Investors should rely on the financial statements and other disclosures contained in our SEC filings. In particular, as a result of the adoption of ASU 2023-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets (“ASU 2023-08”), crypto assets held for investment are initially recorded at cost and are subsequently remeasured at fair value as of each reporting period. The fair value of digital assets is measured using the period-end closing price in accordance with ASC 820. Since the digital assets are traded on a 24-hour period, the Company utilizes the price as of midnight UTC time within the Company’s principal market at the measurement date. Changes in fair value are recognized in gain (loss) on fair value of digital assets, in other income (loss) on the consolidated statement of operations. As a result, we may incur unrealized gain or loss on digital assets based on changes in the market price of Bitcoin during a period, which would not be reflected in BPS or BRR.

For example, if we increase our Bitcoin holdings relative to the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock during a reported period, we would achieve increased BPS and positive BRR, even if we report significant unrealized loss on digital assets for the period. Similarly, if we increase the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock at a faster rate than our Bitcoin holdings, then we would experience decreased BPS and negative BRR, even if we report significant unrealized gain on digital assets for the period.

As noted above, these KPIs are narrow in their purpose and are used by management to assist it in assessing whether we are raising and deploying capital in a manner accretive to shareholders solely as it pertains to our Bitcoin holdings. In calculating these KPIs, we do not consider the source of capital used for the acquisition of our Bitcoin. If we purchase Bitcoin using proceeds from offerings of non-convertible notes or non-convertible preferred stock, or convertible notes or preferred stock that carry conversion prices above the current trading price of our common stock or conversion rights that are not then exercisable, such transactions have the effect of increasing the BPS and BRR, while also increasing our indebtedness and senior claims of holders of instruments other than Class A Common Stock with respect to dividends and to our assets, including our Bitcoin, if we were to liquidate, in a manner that is not reflected in these metrics.

If our Convertible Notes mature or are redeemed without being converted into Class A Common Stock, we may be required to sell shares of our Class A Common Stock or Bitcoin to generate sufficient cash proceeds to satisfy those obligations, either of which would have the effect of decreasing BPS and BRR, and adjustments for such decreases are not contemplated by the assumptions made in calculating these metrics. Accordingly, these metrics might overstate or understate the accretive nature of our use of capital to buy Bitcoin because not all Bitcoin may be purchased using proceeds of issuances of Class A Common Stock, instruments that are convertible into Class A Common Stock may be forfeited or repaid with funds other than from the sale of Class A Common Stock in the period in question rather than being exercised for or converted into Class A Common Stock, and not all proceeds from issuances of Class A Common Stock are used to purchase Bitcoin.     

We determine our KPI targets based on our history and future goals. Our ability to maintain any given level of BPS, or achieve positive BRR, may depend on a variety of factors, including factors outside of our control, such as the price of Bitcoin, and the availability of debt and equity financing on favorable terms. Past performance is not indicative of future results.   

These KPIs are merely supplements to, not substitutes for, the financial statements and other disclosures contained in our SEC filings. They should be used only by sophisticated investors who understand their limited purpose and many limitations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The Company reported a loss from operations of $217,339,312 for the period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had an aggregate cash balance of $117,702,933, a net working capital of $115,687,053 and an accumulated deficit of $263,450,730.

The Company assesses its liquidity in terms of its ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet current and future needs. Management has determined that the Company’s current liquidity position is sufficient to fund its operations for at least one year after the filing of this Annual Report.

Principal and Potential Sources of Liquidity

The Company received proceeds of $82,256,882 as a result of the Business Combination in December 2025, after giving effect to stockholder redemptions and payment of transaction expenses in connection with the Business Combination. As of December 31, 2025, the fair value of digital asset holdings was $3,799,545,125. The combined value of cash and digital asset totaled $3,917,248,058 as of December 31, 2025.

We hold a significant digital asset position, which declined by $141,199,753 during the period, due to the decline in fair value of Bitcoin. While we classify our digital assets, net of current portion, as long-term, consistent with our bitcoin treasury approach, our significant bitcoin holdings, along with associated unrealized gains, may provide a potential source of liquidity if monetized. However, approximately 16,116 Bitcoin are held as collateral to the Convertible Notes. The Bitcoin that serves as collateral to the Convertible Notes cannot be used as a source of liquidity for the Company.

We do not believe we will need to sell or engage in other transactions with respect to any of our Bitcoin acquired at the Closing of the Business Combination within the next twelve months to meet our liquidity needs, although we may consider selling Bitcoin under exceptional circumstances, such as to meet operational needs, comply with legal or regulatory obligations, pursue high-conviction strategic investments, or for general corporate purposes, subject to oversight by management and the Board.

Further, historically, the Bitcoin markets have been characterized by significant volatility in price, limited liquidity and trading volumes compared to sovereign currencies markets, relative anonymity, a developing regulatory landscape, potential susceptibility to market abuse and manipulation, compliance and internal control failures at exchanges and various other risks inherent in its entirely electronic, virtual form and decentralized network. During times of market instability, we may not be able to sell our Bitcoin at favorable prices or at all. As a result, our Bitcoin holdings may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for us to the same extent as cash and cash equivalents. In addition, upon sale of our Bitcoin, we may incur additional taxes related to any realized gains or we may incur capital losses as to which the tax deduction may be limited. See “Risks Related to the Business and Strategy of Twenty One Capital—Twenty One Capital’s Bitcoin holdings are less liquid than its cash and cash equivalents and may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for Twenty One Capital.” in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report for additional information.

Short- and Long-term Liquidity Needs

As of December 31, 2025, our short-term and long-term liquidity needs include the following:

Conversion of Convertible Notes. If the conditional conversion features of the Convertible Notes are triggered and holders of our Convertible Notes elect to convert their Convertible Notes, we may elect to settle the conversions of such Convertible Notes in shares of our Class A Common Stock, or a combination of cash and shares of Class A Common Stock, rather than in all cash, which may enable us to reduce the amount of our cash obligations under the Convertible Notes.

Availability of Equity and Debt Financing for Liquidity

Our ability to obtain equity and debt financing is subject to market conditions and other factors outside of our control, and we may not be able to obtain equity or debt financing in a timely manner, on favorable terms, or at all. See “Risks Related to the Business and Strategy of Twenty One Capital—A significant decrease in the fair market value of our Bitcoin holdings could adversely affect our ability to satisfy our financial obligations.” in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report for additional information.

Cash flows for the period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025

Cash flows from operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025 was $2,369,671 and is primarily related to the net loss adjusted adjustments for non-cash items, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Cash flows from investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025 was $713,199,992 and is related to the purchase of Bitcoin pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement and the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, due to the difference between the price the Company paid for the Bitcoin, and the fair value of Bitcoin at the Closing Date.

Cash flows from financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $833,272,596 during the period from March 7, 2025 (inception) to December 31, 2025 represents cash received upon close of the Business Combination net of transaction costs, issuance of shares and capital contribution, proceeds from the Equity PIPE and the Convertible Notes PIPE.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Management Estimates 

Principles of consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. Such estimates may be subject to change as more current information becomes available and accordingly the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Significant estimates include assumptions made in the valuation of the options, fair value of digital assets, fair value of restricted stock units and recoverability of deferred tax assets. The Company evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis and makes revisions to these estimates.

Business Combinations

The Company evaluates whether acquired net assets should be accounted for as a business combination or an asset acquisition by first applying a screen test to determine whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If so, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If not, the Company applies its judgement to determine whether the acquired net assets meets the definition of a business by considering if the set includes an acquired input, process, and the ability to create outputs.

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when it has obtained control. The Company measures goodwill as the fair value of the consideration transferred including the fair value of any non-controlling interest recognized, less the net recognized amount of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, all measured at their fair value as of the acquisition date. Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.

Any contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. For contingent consideration that does not meet all the criteria for equity classification, such contingent consideration is required to be recorded at its initial fair value at the acquisition date, and on each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of liability-classified contingent consideration are recognized on the consolidated statements of operations in the period of change.

When the initial accounting for a business combination has not been finalized by the end of the reporting period in which the transaction occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts. Provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period, which does not exceed one year from the acquisition date. These adjustments, or recognition of additional assets or liabilities, reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date.

The Company accounts for certain business combinations that meet the definition of a reverse merger (also referred to as a reverse recapitalization) in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, and ASC 810, Consolidation. A reverse merger occurs when the legal acquirer is determined to be the accounting acquiree, and the legal acquiree is determined to be the accounting acquirer.

Digital Assets 

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2023-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets (“ASU 2023-08”), digital assets are measured at fair value as of each reporting period. The fair value of digital assets is measured using the period-end closing price in accordance with ASC 820. Since the digital assets are traded on a 24-hour period, the Company utilizes the price as of midnight UTC time. Changes in fair value are recognized in gain (loss) on fair value of digital assets, in operating income (loss) on the statement of operations. When the Company sells digital assets, gains or losses from such transactions are measured as the difference between the cash proceeds and the carrying basis of the digital assets as determined on a First In-First Out basis and are also recorded within the same line item gains (loss) on fair value of digital assets.

Cryptocurrencies are classified as non current assets because the Company intends to hold the coins past one year.

Convertible Notes Payable 

For convertible debt instruments that are not considered liabilities under ASC 480 or ASC 815, the Company applies FASB ASC 470, Debt (“ASC 470”), for the accounting of such instruments, including any premiums or discounts. Debt issuance costs consist primarily of original issue discount (OID) and legal fees. These costs are netted off with the related loan and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt facilities using effective interest method.

The Company may elect the fair value option for certain financial instruments that meet the required criteria under ASC 825, Financial Instruments. Issuance fees incurred on instruments for which the fair value option was elected are not deferred and are recognized as an expense when incurred in the consolidated statement of operations. The portion of the change in fair value attributable to instrument-specific credit risk, if any, is recognized in other comprehensive income, with the remainder recognized in earnings.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company complies with ASC 718 Compensation — Stock Compensation regarding shares granted to directors, officers and vendors of the Company by measuring the grant date fair value of the award and recognizing the resulting expense over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award. Equity-based compensation expense is only recognized for awards subject to performance conditions if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Other than as otherwise described in this Form 10-K, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” described in Note 3 of our unaudited condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Bitcoin market price risk

Our Bitcoin treasury assets will be measured using observed prices from active exchanges which could result in volatility in our financial results in future periods. Adjustments are recorded in net income through “gain (loss) on digital assets” on the statements of operations. Therefore, negative swings in the market price of Bitcoin could have a material impact on our earnings and on the carrying value of our digital assets.

Custodian Risk

The Company’s Bitcoin is held with third-party custodians, currently Anchorage, which we select based on various factors, including their financial strength and industry reputation. Custodian risk refers to the potential loss, theft, or misappropriation of our Bitcoin assets due to operational failures, cybersecurity breaches, or financial difficulties experienced by these third parties. Although we periodically monitor the financial health, insurance coverage, and security measures of our custodians, reliance on such third parties inherently exposes us to risks that we cannot fully mitigate.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this item.