Bank of America Corporation
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Item 1. Business
Bank of America Corporation is a Delaware corporation, a bank holding company (BHC) and a financial holding company. When used in this report, “Bank of America,” “the Corporation,” “we,” “us” and “our” may refer to Bank of America Corporation individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates. As part of our efforts to streamline the Corporation’s organizational structure and reduce complexity and costs, the Corporation has reduced and intends to continue to reduce the number of its corporate subsidiaries, including through intercompany mergers.
Bank of America is one of the world’s largest financial institutions, serving individual consumers, small- and middle-market businesses, institutional investors, large corporations and governments with a full range of banking, investing, asset management and other financial and risk management products and services. Our principal executive offices are located in the Bank of America Corporate Center, 100 North Tryon Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28255.
Bank of America’s website is www.bankofamerica.com, and the Investor Relations portion of our website is https://investor.bankofamerica.com. We use our website to distribute company information, including as a means of disclosing material, non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. We routinely post and make accessible financial and other information regarding the Corporation on our website. Investors should monitor our website, including the Investor Relations portion of our website, in addition to our press releases, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, public conference calls and webcasts. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) are available on the Investor Relations portion of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish them to, the SEC and at the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the information contained on our website as referenced in this paragraph, or otherwise in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Also, we make available on the Investor Relations portion of our website: (i) our Code of Conduct; (ii) our Corporate Governance Guidelines; and (iii) the charter of each active committee of our Board of Directors (the Board). Our Code of Conduct constitutes a “code of ethics” and a “code of business conduct and ethics” that applies to the required individuals associated with the Corporation for purposes of the respective rules of the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange. We also intend to disclose any amendments to our Code of Conduct and waivers of our Code of Conduct required to be disclosed by the rules of the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange on the Investor Relations portion of our website. All of these corporate governance materials are also available free of charge in print to shareholders who request them in writing to: Bank of America Corporation, Attention: Office of the Corporate Secretary, Bank of America Corporate Center, 100 North Tryon Street, NC1-007-56-06, Charlotte, North Carolina 28255.
Segments
Through our various bank and nonbank subsidiaries throughout the U.S. and in international markets, we provide a diversified range of banking and nonbank financial services and products through four business segments: Consumer Banking, Global Wealth & Investment Management (GWIM), Global Banking and Global Markets, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. Additional information related to our business segments and the products and services they provide is included in the information set forth on pages 36 through 44 of Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) and Note 23 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Competition
We operate in a highly competitive environment. Our competitors include banks, thrifts, credit unions, investment banking firms, investment advisory firms, brokerage firms, investment companies, insurance companies, mortgage banking companies, credit card issuers, mutual fund companies, hedge funds, private equity firms, and e-commerce and other internet-based companies, including merchant banks and companies providing nonbank financial services. We compete with some of these competitors globally and with others on a regional or product-specific basis. We are increasingly competing with firms offering products solely over the internet and with nonfinancial companies, including firms utilizing emerging technologies, such as digital assets, rather than, or in addition to, traditional banking products.
Competition is based on a number of factors including, among others, customer service and convenience, the pricing, quality and range of products and services offered, lending limits, the quality and delivery of our technology and our reputation, experience and relationships in relevant markets. Our ability to continue to compete effectively also depends in large part on our ability to attract new employees and develop, retain and motivate our existing employees, while managing compensation and other costs.
Human Capital Resources
Bank of America has always been the bank of opportunity for our shareholders, our clients and customers, our communities and our teammates. We strive to make Bank of America a great place to work for our employees by providing access to a broad range of opportunities to achieve their professional goals and by maintaining a culture of caring for them and their families. We are a company of talented employees who represent a diverse range of experiences, skills, backgrounds and perspectives across many dimensions. We are deliberate about the many ways we seek to create an inclusive environment where everyone has the opportunity to achieve their career goals. This is core to our values, to our efforts to make the Corporation a great place to work and to delivering on Responsible Growth for our clients, customers and communities around the globe.
Our Board and its Compensation and Human Capital Committee provide oversight of our human capital management strategies, programs, initiatives and practices. The Corporation’s senior management provides regular briefings and reporting on human capital matters to the Board and its Committees to facilitate the Board’s oversight.
At both December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Corporation employed approximately 213,000 employees, of which 77 percent and 78 percent, respectively, were located in the U.S. None of our U.S. employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. Additionally, in 2025 and 2024, the Corporation’s compensation and benefits expense was $42.3 billion and $40.2 billion, or 61 percent and 60 percent, of total noninterest expense.
The following table provides our workforce data by gender (globally) and ethnicity (U.S. only).
| Workforce data as of December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Employees | Top Three Management Levels | Managers at All Levels | ||||||||||||||||||
| Global employees | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Women | 50 | % | 42 | % | 43 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Men | 50 | 58 | 57 | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S.-based employees | ||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 46 | 72 | 53 | |||||||||||||||||
| Asian | 15 | 12 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||
| Black | 15 | 7 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 20 | 6 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Two or More Races | 3 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Talent, Inclusion and Opportunity
The Corporation is focused on building a strong pipeline of talent, which means finding and hiring external candidates who are committed to our purpose and have a passion for serving our clients and communities. This spans programs from entry-level hiring through more senior-level recruiting. In 2025, the Corporation hired over 18,000 teammates reflecting a wide variety of backgrounds, experiences, skills and perspectives so that we understand and can respond to the needs of our clients and communities.
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Financial statements
data from SEC XBRL filings. Values are as-reported; restatements supersede originals. Values reported in .
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| Item 7. Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||
| Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ||||||||||||||
| Table of Contents |
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Bank of America Corporation (the Corporation) and its management may make certain statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipates,” “targets,” “expects,” “hopes,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “goals,” “outlook,” “believes,” “continue” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements represent the Corporation’s current expectations, plans or forecasts of its or its lines of business future results, which may include, among other measures, revenue, liquidity, net interest income, other income, provision for credit losses, expenses, operating leverage, effective tax rate, efficiency ratio, capital measures, deposits and assets, as well as strategy, future business and economic conditions more generally, and other future matters. These statements are not guarantees of future results or performance and involve certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and are often beyond the Corporation’s control. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, any of these forward-looking statements.
You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties more fully discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: and in any of the Corporation’s subsequent U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings: the Corporation’s potential judgments, orders, settlements, penalties, fines and reputational damage, which are inherently difficult to predict, resulting from pending, threatened or future litigation and regulatory inquiries, demands, requests, investigations, proceedings and enforcement actions, which the Corporation is subject to in the ordinary course of business, including matters related to our processing of unemployment benefits for California and certain other states, the features of our automatic credit card payment service, the adequacy of the Corporation’s anti-money laundering and economic sanctions programs and the processing of electronic payments, including through the Zelle network, and related fraud, which are in various stages; in connection with ongoing litigation, the impact of certain changes to Visa’s and Mastercard’s respective card payment network rules and reductions in interchange fees for U.S.-based merchants; the possibility that the Corporation’s future liabilities may be in excess of its recorded liability and estimated range of possible loss for litigation, and regulatory and government actions; the impact of U.S. and global interest rates (including the potential for ongoing fluctuations in interest rates), inflation, currency exchange rates, economic conditions, trade policies and tensions, including changes in, or the imposition of, tariffs and/or trade barriers and the economic impacts, volatility and uncertainty resulting therefrom, which may have varying effects across industries and geographies, and geopolitical instability; uncertainties about the financial stability and growth rates of non-U.S. jurisdictions, the risk that those jurisdictions may face difficulties servicing their sovereign debt, and related stresses on financial markets, currencies and trade, and the Corporation’s exposures to such risks, including direct, indirect and operational; the impact of the interest rate, inflationary, macroeconomic, banking and regulatory environment on the Corporation’s assets, business, financial condition and results of operations; the impact of adverse developments
affecting the U.S. or global banking industry, including bank failures and liquidity concerns, resulting in worsening economic and market volatility, and regulatory responses thereto; the possibility that future credit losses may be higher than currently expected, including due to changes in economic assumptions, which may include unemployment rates, real estate prices, gross domestic product levels and corporate bond spreads, customer behavior, adverse developments with respect to U.S. or global economic conditions and other uncertainties, such as the impact of trade policies, supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures and labor shortages on economic conditions and our business; potential losses related to the Corporation's concentration of credit risk; the Corporation’s ability to achieve its expense targets (including noninterest expense) and expectations regarding revenue, net interest income, operating leverage, other income, provision for credit losses, net charge-offs, effective tax rate, loan or deposit growth or other projections and targets; variances to the underlying assumptions and judgments used in estimating banking book net interest income sensitivity; adverse changes to the Corporation’s credit ratings from the major credit rating agencies; an inability to access capital markets or maintain deposits or borrowing costs; estimates of the fair value and other accounting values, subject to impairment assessments, of certain of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities; the estimated or actual impact of changes in accounting standards or assumptions in applying those standards; uncertainty regarding the content, timing and impact of regulatory capital and liquidity requirements; the impact of adverse changes to total loss-absorbing capacity requirements, stress capital buffer requirements and/or global systemically important bank surcharges; the potential impact of actions of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on the Corporation’s capital plans; the effect of changes in or interpretations of income tax laws and regulations, including impacts from the 2025 Budget Reconciliation Act; the impact of implementation and compliance with U.S. and international laws, regulations and regulatory interpretations, including recovery and resolution planning requirements, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments, the Volcker Rule, fiduciary standards, derivatives regulations and potential changes to loss allocations between financial institutions and customers, including for losses incurred from the use of our products and services, including electronic payments and payment of checks, that were authorized by the customer but induced by fraud; the impact of failures or disruptions in or breaches of the Corporation’s operations or information systems, or those of various third parties, including regulators and federal and state governments, such as from cybersecurity incidents; the risks related to the development, implementation, use and management of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence; the risks related to the transition and physical impacts of climate change; our ability to achieve environmental goals or the impact of any changes in the Corporation’s sustainability or human capital management strategy or goals; the impact of uncertain or changing political conditions, federal government shutdowns and uncertainty regarding the federal government’s debt limit or changes in fiscal, monetary, trade or regulatory policy; the emergence of widespread health emergencies or pandemics; the impact of natural disasters, extreme weather events, military conflicts (including the Russia/Ukraine conflict, the conflicts in the Middle East, the possible expansion of such conflicts and potential geopolitical consequences), civil unrest, terrorism or other geopolitical events; and other matters.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Corporation undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statement was made.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) are incorporated by reference into the MD&A. Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current-year presentation. Throughout the MD&A, the Corporation uses certain acronyms and abbreviations that are defined in the Glossary.
Executive Summary
Business Overview
The Corporation is a Delaware corporation, a bank holding company (BHC) and a financial holding company. When used in this report, “Bank of America,” “the Corporation,” “we,” “us” and “our” may refer to Bank of America Corporation individually, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries, or certain of Bank of America Corporation’s subsidiaries or affiliates. Our principal executive offices are located in Charlotte, North Carolina. Through our various bank and nonbank subsidiaries throughout the U.S. and in international markets, we provide a diversified range of banking and nonbank financial services and products through four business segments: Consumer Banking, Global Wealth & Investment Management (GWIM), Global Banking and Global Markets, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. We operate our banking activities primarily under the Bank of America, National Association (Bank of America, N.A. or BANA) charter. At December 31, 2025, the Corporation had $3.4 trillion in assets and a headcount of approximately 213,000 employees. As of December 31, 2025, we served clients through operations across the U.S., its territories and more than 35 countries and/or jurisdictions. Our retail banking footprint covers all major markets in the U.S., and we serve approximately 69 million consumer and small business clients with approximately 3,600 retail financial centers, approximately 15,000 automated teller machines (ATMs), and leading digital banking platforms (www.bankofamerica.com) with approximately 49 million active users, including approximately 41 million active mobile users. We offer industry-leading support to approximately four million small business households. Our GWIM businesses, with client balances of $4.8 trillion, provide tailored solutions to meet client needs through a full set of investment management, brokerage, banking, trust and retirement products. We are a global leader in corporate and investment banking and trading across a broad range of asset classes serving corporations, governments, institutions and individuals around the world.
Recent Developments
Capital Management
On February 3, 2026, the Board of Directors (Board) declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.28 per share, payable on March 27, 2026 to shareholders of record as of March 6, 2026.
For more information on our capital resources and regulatory developments, see Capital Management beginning on page 48.
Financial Highlights
Effective in the fourth quarter of 2025, the Corporation elected to change accounting methods for its tax-related affordable housing, eligible wind renewable energy and solar renewable energy equity investments, which were applied on a retrospective basis. The Corporation determined that the new accounting methods are preferable, as they better align the financial statement presentation with the economic impact of these equity investments. The primary impact of the accounting changes is a reclassification between income statement line items that nets income tax credits and benefits against the investment expense. Certain prior-period information presented herein has been revised to reflect the accounting method changes. For more information, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Exhibit 18 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| Table 1 | Summary Income Statement and Selected Financial Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share information) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income statement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 60,096 | $ | 56,060 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest income | 53,001 | 49,796 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue, net of interest expense | 113,097 | 105,856 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 5,675 | 5,821 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noninterest expense | 69,727 | 66,812 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 37,695 | 33,223 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 7,186 | 6,250 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 30,509 | 26,973 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends and other | 1,454 | 1,629 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income applicable to common shareholders | $ | 29,055 | $ | 25,344 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Per common share information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings | $ | 3.86 | $ | 3.23 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings | 3.81 | 3.19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid | 1.08 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Performance ratios | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return on average assets (1) | 0.89 | % | 0.82 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Return on average common shareholders’ equity (1) | 10.59 | 9.53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity (2) | 14.22 | 12.94 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Efficiency ratio (1) | 61.65 | 63.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance sheet at year end | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans and leases | $ | 1,185,700 | $ | 1,095,835 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 3,411,738 | 3,261,299 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 2,018,729 | 1,965,467 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 3,108,495 | 2,967,336 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total common shareholders’ equity | 277,251 | 270,804 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 303,243 | 293,963 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)For definitions, see Key Metrics on page 172.
(2)Return on average tangible common shareholders’ equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information and a corresponding reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measures defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), see Non-GAAP Reconciliations on page 86.
Net income was $30.5 billion, or $3.81 per diluted share, in 2025 compared to $27.0 billion, or $3.19 per diluted share, in 2024. The increase in net income was due to higher net interest income and noninterest income, and lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher noninterest expense.
For discussion and analysis of our consolidated and business segment results of operations for 2024 compared to 2023, see the Financial Highlights and Business Segment Operations sections in the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income increased $4.0 billion to $60.1 billion in 2025 compared to 2024. Net interest yield on a fully taxable-equivalent (FTE) basis increased six basis points (bps) to 2.01 percent for 2025. The increases were primarily driven by higher net interest income related to Global Markets activity, fixed-asset repricing, and deposit and loan growth, partially offset by the impact of lower interest rates and one less day of interest accrual. For more information on net interest yield and FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data on page 31, and for more information on interest rate risk management, see Interest Rate Risk Management for the Banking Book on page 79.
Noninterest Income
| Table 2 | Noninterest Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fees and commissions: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Card income | $ | 6,359 | $ | 6,284 | |||||||||||||||||
| Service charges | 6,457 | 6,055 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment and brokerage services | 19,956 | 17,766 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment banking fees | 6,630 | 6,186 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total fees and commissions | 39,402 | 36,291 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Market making and similar activities | 12,014 | 12,967 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | 1,585 | 538 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest income | $ | 53,001 | $ | 49,796 | |||||||||||||||||
Noninterest income increased $3.2 billion to $53.0 billion in 2025 compared to 2024. The following highlights the significant changes.
● Service charges increased $402 million primarily due to higher treasury service charges.
● Investment and brokerage services increased $2.2 billion primarily driven by higher asset management fees reflecting higher market valuations and the impact of positive assets under management (AUM) flows, as well as higher brokerage fees due to increased client activity.
● Investment banking fees increased $444 million driven by higher debt issuance and advisory fees, partially offset by lower equity issuance fees.
● Market making and similar activities decreased $953 million primarily driven by lower trading revenue from credit products in Fixed Income, Currencies and Commodities (FICC) and lower income from derivatives used in foreign currency risk management activities.
● Other income increased $1.0 billion primarily due to gains on leveraged finance positions.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses decreased $146 million to $5.7 billion for 2025 compared to 2024. For more information on the provision for credit losses, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 73.
Noninterest Expense
| Table 3 | Noninterest Expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | $ | 42,346 | $ | 40,182 | |||||||||||||||||
| Information processing and communications | 7,453 | 7,231 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy and equipment | 7,448 | 7,289 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Product delivery and transaction related | 3,924 | 3,494 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | 2,580 | 2,669 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing | 2,204 | 1,956 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other general operating | 3,772 | 3,991 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total noninterest expense | $ | 69,727 | $ | 66,812 | |||||||||||||||||
Noninterest expense increased $2.9 billion to $69.7 billion in 2025 compared to 2024. The increase was primarily driven by continued investments in the business, including people, technology and marketing, as well as higher revenue-related expenses, partially offset by a reduction in the Corporation’s accrual in 2025 for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) special assessment compared to an increase in the accrual in 2024.
Income Tax Expense
| Table 4 | Income Tax Expense | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | $ | 37,695 | $ | 33,223 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 7,186 | 6,250 | |||||||||||||||||||
Effective tax rate | 19.1 | % | 18.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||
The effective tax rates (ETR) for 2025 and 2024 were driven by pretax income and changes in the mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes, as well as our recurring tax preference benefits, which mainly consisted of tax credits from investments in affordable housing and renewable energy. For more information, see Note 19 – Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Balance Sheet Overview
| Table 5 | Selected Balance Sheet Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 231,845 | $ | 290,114 | $ | (58,269) | (20) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell | 316,578 | 274,709 | 41,869 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account assets | 366,954 | 314,460 | 52,494 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt securities | 925,635 | 917,284 | 8,351 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and leases | 1,185,700 | 1,095,835 | 89,865 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan and lease losses | (13,203) | (13,240) | 37 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other assets | 398,229 | 382,137 | 16,092 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 3,411,738 | $ | 3,261,299 | $ | 150,439 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits | $ | 2,018,729 | $ | 1,965,467 | $ | 53,262 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase | 344,716 | 331,758 | 12,958 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trading account liabilities | 105,996 | 92,543 | 13,453 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | 48,088 | 43,391 | 4,697 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | 317,816 | 283,279 | 34,537 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other liabilities | 273,150 | 250,898 | 22,252 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 3,108,495 | 2,967,336 | 141,159 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 303,243 | 293,963 | 9,280 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 3,411,738 | $ | 3,261,299 | $ | 150,439 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets
At December 31, 2025, total assets were approximately $3.4 trillion, up $150.4 billion from December 31, 2024. The increase in assets was primarily due to higher loans and leases, trading account assets, and federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell, partially offset by lower cash and cash equivalents.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents decreased $58.3 billion primarily driven by loan growth and activity within Global Markets.
Federal Funds Sold and Securities Borrowed or Purchased Under Agreements to Resell
Federal funds transactions involve lending reserve balances on a short-term basis. Securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell are collateralized lending transactions utilized to accommodate customer transactions, earn interest rate spreads, and obtain securities for settlement and for collateral. Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell increased $41.9 billion primarily due to activity within Global Markets.
Trading Account Assets
Trading account assets consist primarily of long positions in equity and fixed-income securities including U.S. government and agency securities, corporate securities and non-U.S. sovereign debt. Trading account assets increased $52.5 billion primarily due to activity within Global Markets.
Debt Securities
Debt securities primarily include U.S. Treasury and agency securities, mortgage-backed securities (MBS), principally agency MBS, non-U.S. bonds, corporate bonds and municipal debt. We reinvest cash in the debt securities portfolio primarily to manage interest rate and liquidity risk. Debt securities increased $8.4 billion primarily due to investment of excess cash from higher deposits and long-term debt. For more information on debt securities, see Note 4 – Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Loans and Leases
Loans and leases increased $89.9 billion primarily driven by growth in commercial loans and a residential mortgage loan portfolio acquisition in the first quarter of 2025. For more information on the loan portfolio, see Credit Risk Management on page 59.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The allowance for loan and lease losses decreased $37 million primarily due to reserve releases in credit card and commercial real estate as asset quality improved. For more information, see Allowance for Credit Losses on page 73.
All Other Assets
All other assets increased $16.1 billion primarily driven by activity within Global Markets.
Liabilities
At December 31, 2025, total liabilities were approximately $3.1 trillion, up $141.2 billion from December 31, 2024, primarily due to higher deposits, long-term debt, all other liabilities, trading account liabilities and federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase.
Recent insider activity
| Date | Insider | Role | Action | Shares | Price | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-05-05 | Greener Geoffrey S indirect | Chief Risk Officer | Sell | -126,756 | $53.01 | -$6,718,702 |
Source: SEC Form 4 filings.
Next expected filings
- ~2026-08-01 10-Q expected by 2026-09-08 (in 78 days)
- ~2026-11-01 10-Q expected by 2026-12-09 (in 170 days)
- ~2027-02-25 10-K expected by 2027-04-25 (in 286 days)
- ~2027-05-02 10-Q expected by 2027-06-09 (in 352 days)
Predicted from historical filing cadence; not an SEC commitment.
Recent SEC filings
- 2026-05-01 10-Q Quarterly Report
- 2026-04-22 424B2 Prospectus Supplement
- 2026-04-22 424B2 Prospectus Supplement
- 2026-04-21 424B2 Prospectus Supplement
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