Enphase Energy, Inc.

    ENPH ·NASDAQ ·Semiconductors & Related Devices ·Inc. in DE
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    Item 1.    Business
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2025 Form 10-K | 6

    Our Company
    We are a global energy technology company originally founded in March 2006. We deliver smart, easy-to-use solutions that manage solar generation, storage and communication on one platform. Our intelligent microinverters work with virtually every solar panel made, and when paired with our smart technology, result in one of the industry’s best-performing clean energy systems.
    For the first time in the evolution of our centuries-old grid, people can get paid for the clean energy they produce and share with their communities, helping to build a new energy future that harnesses the sun. This clean, free, abundant source of energy can power our lives and ultimately help greatly reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. As of December 31, 2025, we have shipped approximately 86.4 million microinverters, and more than 5.1 million Enphase residential and commercial systems have been deployed in over 160 countries.
    We design, develop, manufacture and sell home energy solutions that manage energy generation, energy storage, and control and communications on one intelligent platform. We have revolutionized the solar industry by bringing a systems approach to solar technology and by pioneering a semiconductor-based microinverter that converts energy at the individual solar module level and, combined with our proprietary networking and software technologies, provides advanced energy monitoring and control. This is vastly different than a string inverter system using string modules, whether with or without an optimizer, which only converts the energy of the entire array of solar modules from a single high voltage electrical unit and lacks intelligence about the energy producing capacity of the solar array.
    The Enphase® Energy System brings a high technology, networked approach to solar generation plus energy storage, by leveraging our design expertise across power electronics, semiconductors and cloud-based software technologies. Our integrated approach to energy solutions maximizes a home’s energy potential while providing advanced monitoring and remote maintenance capabilities. The Enphase Energy System uses a single technology platform for seamless management of the whole solution, of IQ® Microinverters, IQ® Batteries, IQ® Load Controllers, and IQ® EV Charger, allowing rapid commissioning with the Enphase® Installer App, consumption monitoring with our IQ® Combiner™ device with our Enphase IQ® Gateway™ device, and our Enphase® App, a cloud-based energy management platform. System owners can use the Enphase App to monitor their home’s solar generation, energy storage and consumption from any web-enabled device. Unlike some of our competitors, who utilize a traditional inverter, or offer separate components of solutions, we have built-in system redundancy in both photovoltaic (“PV”) generation and energy storage, eliminating the risk that comes with a single point of failure. Further, the nature of our cloud-based, monitored system allows for remote firmware and software updates, enabling cost-effective remote maintenance and ongoing utility compliance.
    We have transitioned from solar only systems to complete energy management solutions, which consist of solar, batteries, load control, electrical vehicle (“EV”) charging, compatibility with third-party generators, and grid services. This transition follows the rising global interest in the full electrification of homes and businesses through renewable sources of energy.
    Our Strategy
    Our objective is to build best-in-class home energy systems and deliver them to homeowners through our installer and distribution partners, enabled by a comprehensive digital platform. Key elements of our strategy include:
    Best-in-class customer experience. Our value proposition is to deliver products that are productive, reliable, smart, simple and safe, with superior customer service, to enable homeowners’ storage and energy independence. On the service front, our installer, distributor and module partners are our first line of association with our ultimate customer, the homeowner and business user. Our goals are to partner better with these service providers so that we can provide exceptional, high quality service to homeowners who have installed our products. We are convinced that continued reinforcement of customer experience improvements by providing 24x7 support can be a competitive advantage for us.
    Expand our product offerings. We distinguish ourselves from other inverter companies with our systems-based and high technology approach, as we continue to invest in research and development to develop all components of our home energy management systems and remain committed to providing our customers and partners with best-in-class power electronics, storage solutions, communications and load control, all managed by a cloud-based home energy management system.
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2025 Form 10-K | 7

    Increase power and efficiency and reduce cost per watt. Our engineering team is focused on continuing to increase average power conversion efficiency and alternating current (“AC”) output power in order to pair with higher rated direct current (“DC”) modules while reducing costs per watt.
    Increase storage energy density and reduce installation time and cost per kWh. Our engineering team is focused on increasing the energy density of our battery capacity, quality and reducing installation time and cost per kilowatt hour (“kWh”) to make solar-plus-storage resilient, sustainable and affordable for the masses.
    Focus on the homeowner, distributor and installer partners. We are focused on making it easier for our distributors, installers and customers to do business and generating revenue through digitalization of the business-to-business and business-to-customer process of the distributor, installer and customer journey. Our key focus is to expand our digital presence through enhancing our array of tools on our digital platform to keep us continually connected with our installers and homeowners, as well as increasing the use of our online store significantly.
    Grow market share worldwide. We intend to capitalize on our market leadership in the microinverter category and our momentum with installers and homeowners to expand our market share position in our core markets. In addition, we hope to further increase our market share in the Europe, Asia Pacific and Latin America regions. Further, we intend to continue our expansion into new markets, including emerging markets, with new and existing products and local go-to-market capabilities.
    Products
    The Enphase Energy System, powered by IQ Microinverters, IQ Batteries and other products and services, is an integrated solar, storage and energy management offering that enables self-consumption and delivers our core value proposition of yielding more energy, simplifying design and installation, and improving system uptime and reliability.
    IQ Microinverters. We ship IQ8™ Microinverters into 58 countries worldwide. Our IQ8P 3P™ Microinverters, with peak output power of 480 W AC, are designed to maximize energy production and can manage a continuous DC current of 14 amperes, supporting higher powered solar modules through increased energy harvesting. These microinverters are offered for residential and small commercial applications in North America and for grid-tied applications in South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, India, Thailand, the Philippines, France, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia and 13 Caribbean countries. We began shipping our new IQ9N-3P™ Commercial Microinverter in December 2025. This is the first microinverter powered by advanced gallium nitride technology and designed for three-phase 480Y/277 V (wye) grid configurations, without using external transformers. The IQ9N-3P Commercial Microinverter helps simplify design complexity, lowers installation and balance of system costs, and improves system efficiency for 480 V commercial projects.
    In 2025, we released a software update that enables homeowners with existing legacy IQ7™ Microinverter-based systems to expand their solar capacity with IQ8 Microinverters. This software facilitates seamless interoperability between legacy and current system architectures and is available in North America, Europe, Australia, South Africa, the Philippines and other key markets.
    We ship our IQ8HC™ Microinverters, IQ8X™ Microinverters, IQ8P-3P Commercial Microinverters, IQ9N-3P™ Commercial Microinverters, IQ® Battery 5Ps and IQ® Battery 10Cs supplied from manufacturing facilities in the United States with higher domestic content than previous models, that when paired with other U.S.-made solar equipment could qualify for the domestic content bonus tax credit under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”).
    IQ Batteries. Our Enphase IQ Battery storage systems, with usable and scalable capacity of 10.1 kWh and 3.4 kWh for the United States, and 10.5 kWh and 3.5 kWh for Europe and other international countries, are based on our Ensemble OS™ software, which powers our grid-independent microinverter-based storage systems. We currently ship our Enphase IQ Battery storage systems to customers in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Austria, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Finland, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Denmark and Greece. Enphase IQ Batteries in Europe can be installed with both single-phase and three-phase third-party solar energy inverters, enabling homeowners to upgrade their existing home solar systems with a residential battery storage solution that reduces costs while providing increased self-reliance.
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2025 Form 10-K | 8

    Our IQ® Battery 5P is modular with 5 kWh capacity and provides a peak output power of 384 W. Our IQ Battery 5P is available for customers in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Canada, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, Romania and India. We currently ship our IQ Battery 5P with FlexPhase™ technology, an all-in-one AC-coupled system that delivers reliable backup power and supports both single-phase and three-phase applications, to customers in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Poland, Spain, Portugal, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Croatia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, Australia, New Zealand and India.
    We started shipping our fourth-generation Enphase Energy System, featuring the IQ® Battery 10C, IQ® Meter Collar and the IQ® Combiner 6C into the United States in June 2025. The IQ Battery 10C is designed to be 30% more energy-dense, occupy 60% less wall space, and cost less than previous models. The IQ Meter Collar simplifies whole-home backup by providing microgrid interconnection device functionality, while the IQ® Combiner 6C further streamlines installation by consolidating interconnection equipment into one enclosure. Together, these components are designed to simplify the entire backup installation process and enhance reliability. In August 2025, we announced the initial shipments of our IQ Battery 10C, supplied from manufacturing facilities in the United States, delivering additional value in growing third-party ownership (“TPO”) market.
    In October 2025, we announced support in the United States for complete off-grid system configurations that are capable of operating without a utility connection when needed. The system requires the IQ Battery 5P with embedded grid-forming microinverters, IQ8 Series Microinverters with Sunlight JumpStart™ technology and a third-party standby AC generator, which all work together to power the home.
    In December 2025, we launched our PowerMatch™ technology, a battery software upgrade. PowerMatch intelligently adjusts IQ® Battery output to match a home’s real-time power needs, delivering more usable energy, longer battery life and greater long-term savings. The efficiency gains achieved with this technology can improve battery performance by as much as 40%.
    IQ® PowerPack 1500. The IQ PowerPack 1500™portable energy system is now available in the United States and Canada. This product is a 1,500 Wh smart, go-anywhere portable energy system that can power most small appliances in the home, at work, or outdoors. It is designed to provide battery backup, helping to ensure essential electronics stay up and running during power outages.
    IQ

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    Financial statements

    data from SEC XBRL filings. Values are as-reported; restatements supersede originals. Values reported in .

    From 10-Q filed 2026-04-28 (period ending 2026-03-31).

    Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
    Forward-Looking Statements
    The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations and involves risks and uncertainties. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential,” “aim” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Such statements, include but are not limited to statements regarding: our expectations as to future financial performance, including revenue, cost of revenue, expenses, liquidity, cash requirements, and our ability to maintain and grow our profitability; the capabilities, performance and competitive advantage of our technology and products and planned changes; timing of new product releases, and the anticipated market adoption of our current and future products; expectations regarding the development of our 1.25 megawatt (“MW”) IQ® Solid-State Transformer (“IQ SST”) product for data centers; our expectations regarding, and our ability to meet, demand for our products; our business strategies, including anticipated trends and operating conditions; growth of and development in markets in which we target, and our expansion into new and existing markets; our performance in operations, including our supply chain management and manufacturing operations and timelines; our product quality and customer service; our expectations regarding qualification of our products for domestic content credit under U.S. tax laws and our ability to meet FEOC requirements for our U.S. products; our expectations regarding macroeconomic events and geopolitical developments, including the effects of tariffs, which may impact our business operations, financial performance and the markets in which we, our suppliers, manufacturers and installers operate; our expectations regarding potential growth through engagement in the third-party ownership (“TPO”) market; expectations regarding the increased variability of in the timing of revenue recognition and cash flows related to safe harbor agreements; market risks associated with financial instruments and foreign currency exchange rates; the anticipated benefits and risks relating to acquisitions and investments; and the importance of government incentives for solar products, including the impact of recent changes in the tax laws, rules and regulations. You should be aware that the forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on our current views and assumptions, and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual events or results to differ materially. For a discussion identifying some of the important factors that could cause actual results to vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, see below, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” herein and those included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed on February 17, 2026 (the “Form 10-K”). Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this report to “Enphase,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Enphase Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
    Business Overview
    We are a global energy technology company. We deliver smart, easy-to-use solutions that manage solar generation, storage and communication on one platform. Our intelligent microinverters work with virtually every solar panel made, and when paired with our smart technology, result in one of the industry’s best-performing clean energy systems. As of March 31, 2026, we have shipped approximately 87.8 million microinverters, and more than 5.2 million Enphase residential and commercial systems have been deployed in over 165 countries.
    The Enphase® Energy System brings a high technology, networked approach to solar generation plus energy storage, by leveraging our design expertise across power electronics, semiconductors and cloud-based software technologies. Our integrated approach to energy solutions maximizes a home’s energy potential while providing advanced monitoring and remote maintenance capabilities. The Enphase Energy System uses a single technology platform for seamless management of the whole solution, of IQ® Microinverters, IQ® Batteries, IQ® Load Controllers, and IQ® EV Charger, allowing rapid commissioning with the Enphase® Installer App, consumption monitoring with our IQ® Combiner device with our Enphase IQ® Gateway™ device, and our Enphase® App, a cloud-based energy management platform. System owners can use the Enphase App to monitor their home’s solar generation, energy storage and consumption from any web-enabled device. Unlike some of our competitors, who utilize a traditional inverter, or offer separate components of solutions, we have built-in system redundancy in both photovoltaic generation and energy storage, eliminating the risk that comes with a single point of failure. Further, the nature of our cloud-based, monitored system allows for remote firmware and software updates, enabling cost-effective remote maintenance and ongoing utility compliance.
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 29

    We sell primarily to solar distributors who combine our products with others, including solar module products and racking systems, and resell to installers in each target region. In addition to our solar distributors, we sell directly to select large installers, original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and strategic partners. Our OEM customers include solar module manufacturers who integrate our microinverters with their solar module products and resell to both distributors and installers. Strategic partners include a variety of companies, including industrial equipment suppliers, module companies, energy suppliers and developers of third-party solar finance offerings (such as TPOs). We also sell certain products and services to homeowners primarily in support of our warranty services and legacy product upgrade programs, via our online store.
    Events Affecting our Business and Operations
    As we have a growing global footprint, we are subject to risk and exposure from the evolving macroeconomic environment, including the effects of military conflicts (including the Iran conflict), increased global inflationary pressures, tariffs and interest rates, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, potential economic slowdowns or recessions, geopolitical pressures and potential regulatory changes, including the unknown impacts of current and future trade regulations. We continuously monitor the direct and indirect impacts of these circumstances on our business and financial results.
    One Big Beautiful Bill Act. In July 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”) was enacted, introducing material changes to clean energy tax credit programs that are significant to our business and may impact our financial condition, results of operations and future prospects.
    The OBBBA scales back the Investment Tax Credit (the “ITC”) available under Section 25D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), for residential solar and storage systems purchased through cash or loans. Under the new law, the Section 25D credit expired on December 31, 2025. In addition, the OBBBA imposes new timing requirements for eligibility under Section 48E of the Code, which governs ITCs for leased solar and storage systems. Specifically, solar-only projects that do not commence construction within 12 months of the OBBBA’s enactment must be placed in service by December 31, 2027 in order to remain eligible for the credit. Energy storage projects are not subject to this placed-in-service deadline; however, the ITC for storage systems will begin to phase down in 2034 — decreasing to 75% in 2034, 50% in 2035 and phasing out entirely by 2036.
    The OBBBA also amends the domestic content bonus credit rules for Section 48E projects. Projects commencing construction after June 16, 2025 must meet a 45% domestic cost threshold, up from 40%.
    Additionally, the OBBBA introduces new compliance requirements under the Foreign Entity of Concern (“FEOC”) provisions for both Section 48E of the Code and the Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit (“AMPTC”) under Section 45X of the Code. These provisions establish an escalating threshold of non-FEOC content that must be met by solar and storage projects beginning construction in 2026 and by manufactured components produced beginning in 2026.
    On July 7, 2025, the President issued an Executive Order directing the Secretary of the Treasury to issue updated guidance within 45 days on the “beginning of construction” requirements applicable to Section 48E projects. In August 2025, Treasury and the IRS issued revised “beginning of construction” guidance for clean energy tax credits that only applies to projects above 1 MW. The Executive Order also requires the Secretary to implement the FEOC restrictions set forth in the OBBBA.
    In February 2026, the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued guidance under the OBBBA’s FEOC provisions applicable to Sections 48E and 45X of the Code, including rules and interim safe harbors for determining whether projects or manufactured components receive material assistance from prohibited foreign entities. Treasury and the IRS have indicated that additional proposed regulations and safe harbor tables are expected, including guidance addressing ownership, effective control, debt, licensing arrangements and anti‑circumvention matters, which could make the compliance requirements more restrictive over time.
    In March 2026, we entered into an agreement for the sale of $235.0 million of AMPTC we generated during 2025 at 93% face value, resulting in a discount of approximately $16.5 million. We also incurred approximately $2.5 million in transaction-related fees.
    These legislative and regulatory developments have impacted and may in the future negatively impact our eligibility for certain tax credits, the attractiveness of our offerings to solar and storage system lease providers, or the overall demand for our products. If we are unable to meet the revised domestic content or FEOC requirements, our ability to qualify for these incentives could be impaired, which may adversely affect our revenue, gross margins, business operations and competitive position.
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 30

    Trade Tariff Uncertainties. The impact of new or existing tariffs, trade restrictions or retaliatory actions on us, the solar industry and our customers continue to create uncertainty and impact on our business operations. On February 20, 2026, the United States Supreme Court issued a decision invalidating certain tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ("IEEPA"). Following this ruling, the U.S. Court of International Trade issued an order directing U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) to establish a process for the submission and review of refund claims related to affected IEEPA tariffs. On April 20, 2026, CBP launched an online portal through which companies may submit IEEPA tariff refund requests. Submitted claims are subject to review and validation by CBP, and the approval, timing, and amount of any refunds remain subject to CBP determination. Based on our submitted refund requests related to tariffs paid during fiscal 2025 and the first quarter of fiscal 2026, we may be eligible to receive tariff refunds. However, because the approval and timing of such refunds remain uncertain and are contingent upon CBP’s review and validation process, no assurance can be given that any refunds will be realized. Furthermore, following the Supreme Court’s decision, the Administration announced the imposition of new global tariffs of up to 15% under the provisions of Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974.
    We have moved a significant portion of our manufacturing to the United States while continuing to utilize contract manufacturing in China and India. However, certain critical components for our products are still sourced from outside the United States. For example, lithium iron phosphate (“LFP”) battery cells used in our storage products are still supplied by two vendors located in China. Although we are in the process of searching for other vendors outside of China for future supplies, the expertise and industry for the LFP battery cell is primarily in China, and it will require significant effort to identify qualified suppliers with the right expertise to develop our battery cells.
    An escalation in trade tensions or the implementation of broader tariffs, trade restrictions or retaliatory measures on our products or components originating from countries outside the United States could adversely impact our ability to source necessary components, manufacture products at competitive cost, or sell our products at prices customers are willing to pay. Any such developments could materially and adversely affect our business operations, results of operations and cash flows.
    Safe Harbor Agreements. During the year ended December 31, 2025, and continuing year‑to‑date through the date of this filing on April 28, 2026, we expanded our engagement in the TPO market through the execution of additional safe harbor agreements with solar and battery financing companies that offer lease and power purchase agreement structures to homeowners. These arrangements are designed to support customers’ qualification for investment tax credits and have become an increasingly important growth channel for U.S. residential solar and battery adoption following the expiration of the residential Investment Tax Credit under Section 25D of the Code on December 31, 2025.
    Year‑to‑date, we executed agreements with TPOs for products totaling approximately $843.6 million, including approximately $89.6 million under the Investment Tax Credit Five Percent Safe Harbor method and approximately $754.0 million under the Physical Work Test beginning‑of‑construction method. Product deliveries and revenue recognition associated with these arrangements may occur over multiple periods and are dependent on the timing of product shipment and satisfaction of performance obligations. As a result, the timing and structure of these safe harbor arrangements have contributed to increased variability in the timing of revenue recognition and cash flows between reporting periods.
    Demand for Products. The prolonged softness in demand in the solar industry has continued to adversely impact certain distributors and installers, contributing to reduced liquidity, bankruptcies and business closures across the channel. These disruptions have negatively affected our revenue and profitability and could result in higher allowances for credit losses in the future. In Europe, the overall business environment across the region is still challenging, and is expected to remain constrained in 2026. In the United States, uncertainty related to changes in legislation, including from the OBBBA, which eliminates or reduces existing tax credits for clean energy programs, as well as evolving U.S. trade and tariff policies, may further contribute to market volatility and adversely impact customer demand for our products, pricing and our financial performance.
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 31

    Products
    The Enphase Energy System is a comprehensive portfolio of solar, storage and energy management hardware, software and services designed to support residential, commercial and small utility applications. While IQ Microinverters and IQ Batteries represent the most significant components of our revenue, our offering also includes a range of balance-of-system products, grid interconnection and control devices, power management software, monitoring platforms, and other services that together enable integrated energy solutions. Our products are designed to maximize energy production, simplify system design and installation, enhance reliability, and support a wide range of grid‑connected, backup and off-grid use cases.
    IQ Microinverters. We ship IQ8™ Microinverters into 58 countries worldwide. Our IQ8P 3P™ Microinverters, with peak output power of 480 W AC, are designed to maximize energy production and can manage a continuous DC current of 14 amperes, supporting higher powered solar modules through increased energy harvesting. These microinverters are offered for residential and small commercial applications in North America and for grid-tied applications in South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, India, Thailand, the Philippines, France, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, Poland, Turkey, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia and 13 Caribbean countries.
    We began shipping our new IQ9N-3P™ Commercial Microinverter in December 2025. This is the first microinverter powered by advanced gallium nitride technology and designed for three-phase 480Y/277 V (wye) grid configurations, without using external transformers. The IQ9N-3P Commercial Microinverter helps simplify design complexity, lowers installation and balance of system costs, and improves system efficiency for 480 V commercial projects.
    In 2025, we released a software update in our Enphase IQ® Gateway™ device that enables homeowners with existing legacy IQ7™ Microinverter-based systems to expand their solar capacity with IQ8 Microinverters. This software facilitates seamless interoperability between legacy and current system architectures and is available in North America, Europe, Australia, South Africa, the Philippines and other key markets.
    We ship our IQ8HC™ Microinverters, IQ8X™ Microinverters, IQ8P-3P Commercial Microinverters, IQ9N-3P Commercial Microinverters, IQ® Battery 5Ps and IQ® Battery 10Cs supplied from manufacturing facilities in the United States with higher domestic content than previous models, that when paired with other U.S.-made solar equipment could qualify for the domestic content bonus tax credit under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
    In February 2026, we announced the introduction of Enphase Power Control™ software with our Enphase IQ® Gateway™ device for IQ9™ and IQ8™ Microinverter-based small commercial solar systems. Enphase Power Control™ software simplifies interconnections, reduces permitting complexity, and avoids costly utility upgrades, making it easier and more cost-effective to design and install small commercial microinverter systems. This software solution is designed to help installers reduce costs, simplify interconnection requirements, and enable projects that might otherwise not proceed due to unfavorable project economics.
    IQ Batteries. We continue to scale our global footprint, by delivering advanced, grid-independent microinverter-based storage systems powered by our proprietary Ensemble OS™ software.
    Our fourth-generation Enphase Energy System features the IQ® Battery 10C, IQ® Meter Collar and IQ® Combiner 6C. The IQ Battery 10C is designed to be 30% more energy-dense, occupy 60% less wall space, and cost less than previous models. The IQ Meter Collar simplifies whole-home backup by providing microgrid interconnection device functionality, while the IQ Combiner 6C further streamlines installation by consolidating interconnection equipment into one enclosure. Together, these components are designed to simplify the entire backup installation process and enhance reliability.
    Our IQ Battery 10C is now shipping in the United States, including Puerto Rico and Bermuda. This battery provides a base capacity of 10 kWh and is designed to easily scale up to 80 kWh as a homeowner's energy requirements grow. Delivering 7.1 kVA continuous output and 90 A of PowerStartTM capability per 10 kWh unit, the IQ Battery 10C is engineered to seamlessly support heavy household loads like HVAC units and pool pumps, without requiring additional neutral-forming hardware.
    We continue to expand the deployment of the IQ Battery 5P with FlexPhase™, an AC-coupled, modular 5 kWh battery with 3.84 kVA of continuous power per unit, for both single-phase and three-phase applications. The product is currently shipping to Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Poland, France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Greece, Romania, Croatia, Finland, Malta, Estonia, India, Belgium, Slovenia, Slovakia, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Hungary, Bulgaria and Australia. The standard IQ Battery 5P continues to ship in the
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 32

    United States, Australia, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Canada, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, Romania and India. These Enphase IQ Batteries in Europe can be installed with both single-phase and three-phase third-party solar energy inverters, enabling homeowners to upgrade their existing home solar systems with a residential battery storage solution that reduces costs while providing increased self-reliance.
    Our older Enphase IQ Battery 3T and IQ Battery 10T storage systems, have a usable capacity of 10.1 kWh and 3.4 kWh for the United States, and 10.5 kWh and 3.5 kWh for Europe and other international countries. We currently ship these IQ Battery storage systems customers in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Austria, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Finland, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Denmark and Greece.
    In October 2025, we announced support in the United States for complete off-grid system configurations that are capable of operating without a utility connection when needed. The system requires the IQ Battery 5P with embedded grid-forming microinverters, IQ8 Series Microinverters with Sunlight JumpStart™ technology and a third-party standby AC generator, which all work together to power the home.
    In December 2025, we launched our PowerMatch™ technology, a battery software upgrade in Europe. PowerMatch intelligently adjusts IQ Battery output to match a home’s real-time power needs, delivering more usable energy, longer battery life and greater long-term savings. The efficiency gains achieved with this technology can improve battery performance by as much as 40%.
        New Products in Development. On April 28, 2026, we announced that we are developing our 1.25 MW IQ SST product for data centers, a distributed solid-state transformer platform designed to convert medium-voltage AC directly to low-voltage DC in a single stage. The IQ SST will be built as a supercluster of 342 power modules, with each module powered by our custom Kestrel ASIC and high-frequency GaN-based power platform. The architecture is designed to deliver native 800 V DC output for next-generation AI racks, fast response on the order of 1 to 3 milliseconds, built-in redundancy, and serviceability through hot-swappable modules. We have completed feasibility, built working power modules, converged on the system design, and have more than 80 engineers working on the program. We expect full system demonstrations late this year, customer pilots in 2027 and volume shipments in 2028.
    Results of Operations
    Net Revenues
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    Change in
    20262025
    $
    %
    (In thousands, except percentages)
    Net revenues
    $282,900 $356,084 $(73,184)(21)%
    Net revenues decreased by $73.2 million, or 21%, in the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025, driven primarily by a 39% decrease in IQ Batteries MWh shipped and 8% decrease in microinverter units sold. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we sold approximately 1.4 million microinverter units and shipped 103.1 MWh of IQ Batteries, as compared to approximately 1.5 million microinverter units and 170.1 MWh of IQ Batteries shipped in the three months ended March 31, 2025.
    Net revenues in the United States were $233.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $263.2 million in the same period in 2025, a decrease of $29.3 million, or 11%, primarily due to the expiration of the federal residential clean energy tax credit under Section 25D of the Internal Revenue Code. Microinverter shipments that are associated with safe harbor transactions with customers were $34.5 million and $54.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
    Net revenues from international markets were $49.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $92.8 million in the same period in 2025, a decrease of $43.9 million, or 47%, primarily driven by lower shipments to customers in Europe driven by continued softening in demand and delayed purchasing activity. In addition, demand in certain European markets was impacted by macroeconomic conditions, regulatory and incentive framework transitions, and lower electricity prices compared to the same period in 2025, which reduced near‑term installation activity and delayed project starts.
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 33

    Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    Change in
    20262025
    $
    %
    (In thousands, except percentages)
    Cost of revenues
    $182,507 $187,843 $(5,336)(3)%
    Gross profit
    $100,393 $168,241 $(67,848)(40)%
    Gross margin
    35.5 %47.2 %
    Cost of revenues decreased by $5.3 million, or 3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. This decrease was primarily driven by a decreased in MWh of IQ Batteries and microinverter units shipped and lower tariffs.
    This decrease in cost of revenues was partially offset by $18.9 million loss from the sale of tax credits generated during 2025 and $5.2 million reduction in fair value of AMPTC generated during the three months ended March 31, 2026. The AMPTC generated in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $59.8 million and $53.6 million, respectively, and after taking into account the total fair value adjustments of the AMPTC of $24.1 million and zero, respectively, the net benefit from the AMPTC generated reducing cost of revenues was $35.7 million and $53.6 million, respectively.
    Gross margin decreased by 11.7 percentage points in the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to 6.7 percentage points from the sale of tax credits generated during 2025, 1.8 percentage points from reduction in fair value of AMPTC generated during the three months ended March 31, 2026, and lower shipment volumes of microinverters and IQ Batteries, which resulted in unfavorable absorption of fixed manufacturing and supply chain costs over a lower revenue base, partially offset by lower tariffs.
    Research and Development
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    Change in
    20262025
    $
    %
    (In thousands, except percentages)
    Research and development$44,867 $50,174 $(5,307)(11)%
    Percentage of net revenues16 %14 %
    Research and development expense decreased by $5.3 million, or 11%, in the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to actions in connection with the restructuring initiatives implemented at the beginning of 2026 that lowered personnel-related expenses as a result of a reduction in headcount by $4.5 million, lowered professional services costs by $0.4 million and other equipment costs by $0.4 million. The amount of research and development expenses may fluctuate from period to period due to the differing levels and stages of development activity for our products.
    Sales and Marketing
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    Change in
    20262025
    $
    %
    (In thousands, except percentages)
    Sales and marketing$48,087 $48,948 $(861)(2)%
    Percentage of net revenues17 %14 %
    Sales and marketing expense decreased by $0.9 million, or 2%, in the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to actions in connection with the restructuring initiatives implemented at the beginning of 2026 that lowered personnel-related expenses as a result of moving certain functions to more cost efficient regions and leveraging advanced artificial intelligence tools.
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 34

    General and Administrative
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    Change in
    20262025
    $
    %
    (In thousands, except percentages)
    General and administrative$33,255 $34,035 $(780)(2)%
    Percentage of net revenues12 %10 %
    General and administrative expense decreased by $0.8 million, or 2%, in the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to actions in connection with the restructuring initiatives implemented at the beginning of 2026 that lowered personnel-related expenses by $1.3 million and lowered equipment costs by $0.5 million, partially offset by advisory and legal fees of $1.0 million.
    Restructuring and Asset Impairment Charges
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    Change in
    20262025
    $
    %
    (In thousands, except percentages)
    Restructuring and asset impairment charges$3,827 $3,162 $665 21 %
    Percentage of net revenues 1.4 %0.9 %
    Restructuring and asset impairment charges of $3.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily consisted of $3.5 million of employee related expenses and $0.3 million of contract termination charges. Restructuring and asset impairment charges of $3.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily consisted of employee severance, one-time benefits and other employee related expenses.
    Other Income, Net
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    Change in
    20262025
    $
    %
    (In thousands, except percentages)
    Interest income$12,625 $17,032 $(4,407)(26)%
    Interest expense(633)(2,047)1,414 (69)%
    Other income (expense), net3,791 (14)3,805 (27,179)%
    Total other income, net$15,783 $14,971 $812 %
    Interest income of $12.6 million decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $17.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to lower average cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and lower interest rates.
    Interest expense of $0.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily included amortization of debt issuance costs with the Notes due 2026 and the Notes due 2028. Interest expense of $2.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily included $2.0 million for coupon interest, debt discount amortization for the Notes due 2025 and amortization of debt issuance costs for the Notes due 2025, the Notes due 2026 and the Notes due 2028.
    Other income, net, of $3.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily consisted of $1.7 million gain related on the sale of patents, a $1.4 million realized gain from sale of marketable securities, and a $0.8 million net foreign currency gain from remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities, partially offset by $0.1 million decrease in the fair value of our tax equity fund investment.
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 35

    Income Tax Benefit (Provision)
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    Change in
    20262025$
    %
    (In thousands, except percentages)
    Income tax benefit (provision)$6,454 $(17,163)$23,617 (138)%
    For the three months ended March 31, 2026, we recorded an income tax benefit of $6.5 million, compared to an income tax provision of $17.2 million in the same period in 2025. This $23.6 million change primarily reflects the change from pretax income in the prior‑year period to a pretax loss in the current‑year period, principally in the United States.
    The income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was calculated using the annualized effective tax rate method and primarily reflects tax benefits associated with U.S. operating losses and the generation of AMPTC. While the AMPTC is directly related to qualifying production and shipment activity and pretax income, it is treated as permanent items for income tax accounting purposes and is excluded from the annualized effective tax rate calculation. As a result, our effective tax rate for the period reflects the impact of these permanent benefits and may not be indicative of the statutory tax rate or expected annual effective tax rate.
    These benefits were partially offset by tax expense in profitable foreign jurisdictions and tax expense related to equity‑based compensation shortfalls, which were generally consistent with the prior‑year period. We continue to apply the interim income tax methodology prescribed by ASC 740‑270.

    Liquidity and Capital Resources
    Sources of Liquidity
    As of March 31, 2026, we had $1.3 billion in net working capital, including cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $930.6 million, of which $788.5 million were held in the United States. Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities primarily consist of U.S. Government agency securities and treasuries, money market mutual funds, corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper and certificates of deposit, and both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits, with the remainder held in various foreign subsidiaries. We consider amounts held outside the United States to be accessible and have provided for the estimated withholding tax liability on the repatriation of our foreign earnings.
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    Change in
    20262025$%
    (In thousands, except percentages)
    Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities$930,641 $1,531,870 $(601,229)(39)%
    Total debt$572,510 $1,201,891 $(629,381)(52)%
    Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities decreased by $601.2 million from March 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026, primarily due to payoff of the Notes due 2026, repurchases of common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program, investments in private and public companies, issuance of loan receivables and payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards, partially offset by cash generated from operations and the sale of AMPTC we generated during 2025.
    Total carrying amount of debt decreased by $629.4 million from March 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026, primarily due to the payoff of the Notes due 2026, partially offset by accretion of issuance costs.
    We expect our principal short-term cash requirements (over the next 12 months) to include working capital, strategic investments, acquisitions, repurchases of common stock and payments of withholding taxes for net share settlement of employee equity awards, payments on our outstanding debt, and purchases of property and equipment. We plan to fund any cash requirements for the next 12 months from our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities on hand, and cash generated from operations.
    For the long-term period (beyond 12 months), we plan to continue growing cash flows from operations and sale of AMPTC to support our business operations and strategic investment plans. We regularly evaluate our
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 36

    liquidity position, debt obligations and anticipated cash needs. As part of this ongoing assessment, we may pursue additional financing through the issuance of equity or the debt financing, as necessary, to support our operational and investment needs.
    We anticipate that access to the debt market will be more constrained compared to prior periods due to elevated interest rates and recent policy changes to solar tax incentives following the enactment of the OBBBA. Our ability to secure debt or any other additional financing that we may choose to, or need to, obtain will depend on, various factors including our development efforts, business plans, operating performance and prevailing capital market conditions.
    Repurchase of Common Stock. In July 2023, our board of directors authorized the 2023 Repurchase Program pursuant to which we were authorized to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our common stock. The repurchases could be funded from available working capital and marketable securities and could be executed from time to time, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, including through Rule 10b5-1 plans. The 2023 Repurchase Program may be discontinued or amended at any time and expires on July 26, 2026. As of March 31, 2026, we had $268.7 million remaining for repurchasing shares under the 2023 Repurchase Program.
    Convertible Notes. As of March 31, 2026, our aggregate principal convertible notes obligations were the Notes due 2028 of $575.0 million. Upon any conversion of the Notes due 2028, we expect to pay cash equal to the principal amount, and at our election, we will pay or deliver cash and/or shares of our common stock for any conversion premium.
    Operating Leases. We have entered into various non-cancelable operating leases primarily for our facilities with original lease periods expiring through the year 2034, with the most significant leases relating to our offices in Petaluma, California, Arlington, Texas and Bengaluru, India. As of March 31, 2026, we had total operating lease obligations of $39.6 million recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
    Other Material Cash Requirements. As of March 31, 2026, we had open purchase obligations of $275.0 million related to component inventory that we and our primary contract manufacturers procure on our behalf in accordance with our production forecast as well as other inventory related purchase commitments. The timing of purchases in future periods could differ materially from estimates presented above due to fluctuations in demand requirements related to varying sales levels as well as changes in economic conditions.
    Cash Flows. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
    Three Months Ended
    March 31,
    20262025
    (In thousands)
    Net cash provided by operating activities$102,871 $48,414 
    Net cash provided by investing activities576,383 113,060 
    Net cash used in financing activities(651,186)(214,175)
    Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(4,840)3,675 
    Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$23,228 $(49,026)
    Cash Flows from Operating Activities
    Cash flows from operating activities consisted of our net income (loss) adjusted for certain non-cash reconciling items, such as stock-based compensation expense, discount from sale of AMPTC generated during 2025, asset impairment, non-cash interest expense, change in the fair value of debt securities, deferred income taxes, depreciation and amortization, amortization (accretion) of premium (discount) on marketable securities, provision for credit losses, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $54.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due net cash proceeds of $218.1 million we received in March 2026 for the sale of $235.0 million of AMPTC contributing to a favorable change in working capital, partially offset by $172.4 million higher cash outflows from accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities.
    Enphase Energy, Inc. | 2026 Form 10-Q | 37

    Cash Flows from Investing Activities
    For the three months ended March 31, 2026, net cash provided by investing activities of $576.4 million was primarily from the maturities of $597.3 million of marketable securities, partially offset by $19.9 million used in purchases of test and assembly equipment for U.S. manufacturing related facility improvements and information technology enhancements and $1.0 million used for issuance of loan receivable.
    For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by investing activities of $113.1 million was primarily from the maturities of $134.6 million of marketable securities, net of purchases, partially offset by $14.6 million used in purchases of test and assembly equipment for U.S. manufacturing, related facility improvements and information technology enhancements, including capitalized costs related to internal-use software and $6.9 million used in an investment in a tax equity fund.
    Cash Flows from Financing Activities
    For the three months ended March 31, 2026, net cash used in financing activities of approximately $651.2 million was primarily from payment of $632.5 million towards the settlement of the Notes due 2026 and payment of $18.7 million in employee withholding taxes related to net share settlement of employee equity awards.
    For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash used in financing activities of $214.2 million was primarily from payment of $102.2 million towards the settlement of the Notes due 2025, $100.0 million used to repurchase our common stock under the 2023 Repurchase Program and payment of $12.1 million in employee withholding taxes related to net share settlement of employee equity awards.
    Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
    Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). In connection with the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.
    We consider an accounting policy to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the condensed consolidated financial statements. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies as described in the Form 10-K.
    Adoption of New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
    For a discussion of adoption of new and recently issued accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Basis of Presentation”, of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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    Held by

    holders ( registered funds via N-PORT, institutional investors via 13F). Showing top by dollar value.

    Holder Type ETF MF Position ($) % of holder Δ % of holder Holder AUM

    Recent insider activity

    Last 90 days. Open-market trades (purchases & sales) by directors, officers, and 10%+ owners. 3 transactions across 2 insiders. Net: +3,600 shares, $260,069.

    Date Insider Role Action Shares Price Value
    2026-06-01 MORA RICHARD Director Sell -700 $64.20 -$44,940
    2026-05-26 Kothandaraman Badrinarayanan indirect President & CEO Buy +5,000 ×2 $67.50 $337,482
    2026-05-19 MORA RICHARD Director Sell -700 $46.39 -$32,473

    Source: SEC Form 4 filings.

    Next expected filings

    • ~2026-07-21 10-Q expected by 2026-08-05 (in 36 days)
    • ~2026-10-27 10-Q expected by 2026-11-11 (in 134 days)
    • ~2027-02-15 10-K expected by 2027-02-25 (in 245 days)
    • ~2027-04-27 10-Q expected by 2027-05-12 (in 316 days)

    Predicted from historical filing cadence; not an SEC commitment.

    Recent SEC filings

    • 2026-05-15 8-K Officer/Director Change; Shareholder Vote Results; Financial Statements and Exhibits
    • 2026-04-28 8-K Earnings Release; Financial Statements and Exhibits
    • 2026-04-28 10-Q Quarterly Report
    • 2026-04-06 8-K Earnings Release; Other Events
    • 2026-02-17 10-K Annual Report
    • 2026-02-03 8-K Earnings Release; Financial Statements and Exhibits
    • 2025-10-28 10-Q Quarterly Report
    • 2025-10-28 8-K Earnings Release; Financial Statements and Exhibits
    • 2025-07-22 10-Q Quarterly Report
    • 2025-07-22 8-K Earnings Release; Financial Statements and Exhibits
    • 2025-05-20 8-K Officer/Director Change; Shareholder Vote Results; Financial Statements and Exhibits
    • 2025-04-22 10-Q Quarterly Report
    • 2025-04-22 8-K Earnings Release; Financial Statements and Exhibits
    • 2025-02-10 10-K Annual Report
    • 2025-02-04 8-K Earnings Release; Financial Statements and Exhibits