Hut 8 Corp.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes and the other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and with our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual business, financial condition, and results of operations could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in the Annual Report, particularly under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” See also “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.

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Business Overview

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Hut 8 is an energy infrastructure platform integrating power, digital infrastructure, and compute at scale to fuel next-generation, energy-intensive technologies such as AI, high-performance computing, and ASIC compute. The Company develops, commercializes, and operates industrial-scale energy and data center infrastructure through a power-first, innovation-driven approach.

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Q1 2026 Highlights

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The Beacon Point campus is designed for scalability, with approvals for up to 1,000 MW of utility capacity. The initial 352 MW IT load (approximately 500 MW utility capacity) represents the first phase of commercialization and provides significant runway for potential campus expansion and revenue growth.

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Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

Power constraints

Access to energy is a key factor affecting our ability to meet growing demand for high performance computing (“HPC”), artificial intelligence (“AI”), and application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”) compute and to scale our digital infrastructure platform. Power is the foundation of our operations. We acquire, develop, and manage critical energy assets such as interconnects, powered land, and other electrical infrastructure to address the load demands of energy-intensive applications. As competition for power intensifies, our performance depends on originating, commercializing, and optimizing energy capacity at scale. We believe our experience in power origination, infrastructure design, and load optimization positions us to manage these constraints and support continued growth. Our portfolio currently provides access to competitively priced electrical power in the regions where we operate; however, there is no guarantee that we will be able to procure additional power on similar terms, or at all. Market prices for power, capacity, and ancillary services are unpredictable and tend to fluctuate substantially. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Operations—We are subject to risks associated with our need for significant electrical power” in the Annual Report.

Expansion into AI infrastructure services and other energy-intensive use cases

A key factor affecting our performance is our ability to expand into AI infrastructure services and other energy-intensive use cases. We are leveraging our existing development and operational expertise to develop data centers that support specialized workloads for enterprise and hyperscale customers and other next-generation, energy-intensive use cases. Success in this area depends on various factors, including our ability to develop future sites, secure and retain customers, manage capital efficiently, and compete effectively in emerging technology markets. While this expansion may increase operating and capital costs and expose us to execution and market risks, management believes our experience in power origination, development, and management in large-scale digital infrastructure development position us to capture long-term growth opportunities in the evolving AI sector and other next-generation, energy-intensive use cases.

Price of Bitcoin

While we are migrating towards less volatile, lower cost-of-capital businesses, such as data centers, our current financials remain heavily dependent on the price of Bitcoin, which has historically experienced significant volatility. Our exposure is driven primarily by the Bitcoin held on our consolidated balance sheet, including Bitcoin held directly by us and American Bitcoin in our respective strategic reserves. In addition, our consolidated results reflect American Bitcoin’s activities as a Bitcoin accumulation platform and its strategy of purchasing and holding Bitcoin. Lastly, we generate revenue from Bitcoin rewards that are earned through mining operations at our facilities, the majority of which are conducted through American Bitcoin.

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Under ASU 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets (“ASU 2023-08”), Bitcoin is revalued at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with changes in fair value recognized in net income. As a result, fluctuations in Bitcoin prices may impact our consolidated financial performance, including mark-to-market adjustments on Bitcoin, but does not reflect changes in our core operating performance.

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Bitcoin network difficulty and hashrate

Our consolidated business is not only impacted by the volatility in Bitcoin prices, but American Bitcoin is also affected by increases in the competition for Bitcoin production, specifically for ASIC compute. This increased competition is described as the network hashrate resulting from the growth in the overall quantity and quality of miners working to solve blocks on the Bitcoin blockchain, and the difficulty index associated with the secure hashing algorithm employed in solving the blocks. Increased difficulty reduces the mining proceeds of the equipment proportionally and eventually requires Bitcoin miners like American Bitcoin, to upgrade their equipment to remain profitable and compete effectively with other miners. Conversely, a decline in network hashrate results in a decrease in difficulty, increasing mining proceeds and profitability.

Block reward and halving

The current Bitcoin reward for solving a block is 3.125 Bitcoin. The Bitcoin network is programmed such that the Bitcoin block reward is halved every 210,000 blocks mined, or approximately every four years. This reduction in reward spreads out the release of Bitcoin over a long period of time as fewer Bitcoin are mined with each halving event. Bitcoin halving events impact the number of Bitcoin that we mine, including through American Bitcoin which, in turn, may have a potential impact on our results of operations. The last halving event occurred in April 2024, and the next halving event is expected to occur in 2028.

Key Performance Indicators

In addition to our financial results and generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) financial measures, we use certain key performance indicators to evaluate our business, identify trends, and make strategic decisions. Certain Key Performance Indicators for the prior period were reclassified to align with updated definitions.

The following table presents our key performance indicators for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

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Energy Capacity Under Diligence

Energy Capacity Under Diligence represents sites identified for large-load use cases such as AI, HPC, ASIC compute, industrial applications such as next generation manufacturing, and other energy-intensive technologies. At this stage, we assess site potential by engaging with utilities, landowners, power generators, local, state and regulatory bodies, and other stakeholders to evaluate critical factors, including power availability, infrastructure readiness, fiber connectivity, and overall commercial viability. This metric allows management to better understand our potential opportunities, allowing us to remain selective in our investment decisions while positioning us to respond to market demand signals and emerging opportunities. Energy Capacity Under Diligence as of March 31, 2026, was 4,345 MW compared to 7,890 MW as of March 31, 2025. The net decrease reflects both the advancement of certain sites into other development categories and the removal of sites that no longer met our strategic, commercial, infrastructure, or regulatory criteria.

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Energy Capacity Under Exclusivity

Energy Capacity Under Exclusivity represents sites where we have secured a clear path to ownership through either: (i) an exclusivity agreement that prevents the sale of designated land and power capacity to another party or (ii) a tendered interconnection agreement, confirming a viable path to securing power and infrastructure for deployment. Management monitors Energy Capacity Under Exclusivity to evaluate potential near-term opportunities prior to making additional investment commitments. Energy Capacity Under Exclusivity as of March 31, 2026 was 1,500 MW compared to 2,613 MW as of March 31, 2025. The net decrease reflects both the advancement of certain sites into other development categories and the removal of sites that no longer met our strategic, commercial, infrastructure, or regulatory criteria.

Energy Capacity Under Development

Energy Capacity Under Development represents sites where we are actively investing in development and commercialization by executing definitive land and/or power agreements, advancing site design and infrastructure buildout, and engaging with prospective customers. This phase is monitored by management as it represents the projects that are closest to commencing construction. Energy Capacity Under Development as of March 31, 2026 was 1,230 MW compared to 0 MW as of March 31, 2025. The growth was driven by an increase of 1,230 MW in capacity advancing from exclusivity to development, including two sites in Texas totaling 1,180 MW, and one 50 MW site in Illinois.

Energy Capacity Under Construction

Energy Capacity Under Construction represents sites where we have executed a definitive offtake or other commercial agreements and commenced construction activities. This stage includes oversight of contractors, equipment delivery, and commissioning schedules to ensure projects are completed safely, on time, and within budget. Progress at this stage is closely monitored to manage capital deployment and align project delivery with customer timelines and market demand. Energy capacity under construction as of March 31, 2026 was 330 MW related to the River Bend site compared to 205 MW as of March 31, 2025, related to the Vega site which was energized and moved to Energy Capacity Under Management in June 2025.

Energy Capacity Under Management

Energy Capacity Under Management comprises all power-related assets, including power generation, managed services, ASIC and Central Processing Unit (“CPU”) infrastructure, ASIC compute, traditional cloud, and non-operational sites. Management uses this metric to assess total energy capacity utilization across our operations and to support efficient resource allocation. Energy Capacity Under Management was 710 MW as of March 31, 2026, compared to 815 MW as of March 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by the divesture of the Far North JV in February 2026, which consisted of four power generation assets in Ontario totaling approximately 310 MW, partially offset by the energization of our 205 MW Vega site in June 2025.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we rely on Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our business, measure our performance, and make strategic decisions. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss, adjusted for impacts of interest expense, income tax benefit, depreciation and amortization, our share of unconsolidated joint venture depreciation and amortization, foreign exchange loss or gain, loss on sale of property and equipment, gain on derivatives, loss or gain on other financial liability, gain on warrant liability, gain on sale of Far North JV, net of transaction costs, the removal of non-recurring transactions, asset contribution costs, loss attributable to non-controlling interests, and stock-based compensation expense in the period presented. You are encouraged to evaluate each of these adjustments and the reasons our Board and management team consider them appropriate for supplemental analysis.

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Our board of directors and management team use Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial performance because it allows them to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the effects of our capital structure (such as varying levels of interest expense and income), asset base (such as depreciation and amortization), and other items (such as non-recurring transactions mentioned above) that impact the comparability of financial results from period to period.

Net loss is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to Adjusted EBITDA. In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in such presentation. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. There can be no assurance that we will not modify the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA in the future, and any such modification may be material. Adjusted EBITDA has important limitations as an analytical tool and you should not consider Adjusted EBITDA in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Because Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definition of this non-GAAP financial measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing its utility.

For a reconciliation to our most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, please see “—Results of Operations” below.

Business Segments 

We have four reportable business segments: Power, Digital Infrastructure, Compute, and Other. 

Power

The Power business segment consists of Power Generation and Managed Services.

Power Generation

In February 2026, we completed the divestiture of the Far North JV, and accordingly no longer generate revenue from these assets. We previously generated revenue from our 80.1% interest in the Far North JV, which acquired the four natural gas power plants in Ontario, Canada in February 2024. The power generation facilities are connected to the Independent Electricity System Operator, which operates Ontario’s power grid, and primarily generated revenue from capacity and electricity sales. Revenue generated from capacity and electricity sales was variable and depended on several factors, including generation capacity in the market, the supply and demand for electricity, and the prevailing price of natural gas.

Managed Services

Our Managed Services business provides institutional partners with an end-to-end partnership model for energy infrastructure development, including:

Cash flows in our Managed Services business are generated through a fee structure that is typically fixed based on power capacity under management, with reimbursement of passthrough costs. In addition to the fixed fee, under certain agreements, further cash flows may be driven from incentive bonuses and certain energy management services.

As of March 31, 2026, we managed 280 MW of energy capacity under this program at one site in the United States owned by the King Mountain JV.

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Starting April 1, 2025, we began operating as the exclusive provider of managed services to American Bitcoin via the execution of a Master Managed Services Agreement (“MSA”). Under the MSA, we provide American Bitcoin with management, oversight, strategy, compliance, operational, and other services for American Bitcoin’s mining operations. These operations are colocated at our facilities. The fee structure typically consists of (i) a fixed fee of $1.250/kW-month based on the power capacity of each facility, as well as (ii) designated site level reimbursements. As American Bitcoin is a consolidated subsidiary, all fees under the MSA are eliminated in consolidation.

Digital Infrastructure

Under our ASIC infrastructure business, we enter into contracts to host and operate mining equipment on behalf of third parties within our facilities. These services include the provision, if applicable, and hosting of mining equipment as well as the monitoring, troubleshooting, repair, and maintenance of such equipment. Revenues from ASIC infrastructure services are generated through fees that may be fixed or based on profit-sharing arrangements, often with reimbursement for certain pass-through costs, such as electricity.

Starting April 1, 2025, we began operating as the exclusive provider of ASIC infrastructure services to American Bitcoin via the execution of a Master Colocation Services Agreement (“CSA”). Under the CSA, we provide ASIC infrastructure services for American Bitcoin’s miners at our facilities. The fee structure typically includes (i) a fixed monthly fee that targets a 25% yield on cost of each facility as of the start of the specific service order under the CSA, subject to an annual increase, as well as (ii) infrastructure-related site level reimbursements. As American Bitcoin is a consolidated subsidiary, all fees under the CSA are eliminated in consolidation.

During 2024, we entered into an ASIC colocation contract with Bitmain Technologies Georgia Limited (“Bitmain”) to host miners at our Vega site. The agreement featured a fixed hosting fee with an option for us to purchase all or a portion of the hosted machines in up to three tranches at a fixed price within six months of energization of the relevant tranches. We completed energization of the miners during June and July 2025. In August 2025, pursuant to our Put Option Agreement with American Bitcoin entered into on March 31, 2025 (the “Put Option Agreement”), we assigned our option to purchase the hosted machines to American Bitcoin. In August 2025, American Bitcoin exercised this option to purchase all of the Bitmain miners hosted at the Vega site, where we then began to provide ASIC infrastructure services to American Bitcoin under the CSA.

Through our Hut 8 Canada business, we provide data center and cloud infrastructure services, including colocation solutions, supported by approximately 3 MW of energy capacity and more than 36,000 square feet of geo-diverse data center space across five locations in Canada. These services support customers operating compute, storage, and network workloads across traditional enterprise, B2B, machine learning, visual effects, and AI. Our CPU infrastructure offering is delivered in Mississauga, Ontario; Vaughan, Ontario; Kelowna, British Columbia; and two locations in Vancouver, British Columbia. The facilities are powered predominately by emission-free energy sources. This segment serves computing needs unrelated to ASIC Compute. These data centers are carrier neutral with network diversity and redundancy from multiple telecommunications providers.

Our CPU infrastructure business is based on a fixed-fee model. Customers pay a fixed recurring monthly fee based on a set amount of resources assigned.

We are expanding our Digital Infrastructure platform to support AI and other high-performance computing workloads through purpose-built data centers, beginning with the development of our River Bend campus in Louisiana and our Beacon Point campus in Texas.

Compute

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Our Compute segment comprises operating businesses that deploy and monetize compute assets across next-generation energy-intensive technology end markets. We generate revenue through the operation of owned compute infrastructure and the provision of compute-based services, with economics driven by hardware utilization, operating efficiency, and market demand. The Compute business segment consists of ASIC Compute, Traditional Cloud, and AI Cloud.

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ASIC Compute

The ASIC Compute segment reflects revenue generated primarily by American Bitcoin.

Our ASIC Compute business spanned six sites as of March 31, 2026, which are primarily occupied by American Bitcoin miners and hosted at facilities supported by our ASIC Infrastructure:

Bitcoin rewards are received from mining activity through third-party mining pool operators, which allow miners to combine their processing power, increasing their chances of solving a block and getting paid by the network. We provide computing power to mining pools, which use this computing power to operate nodes and validate blocks on the blockchain. The pools then distribute our pro-rata share of Bitcoin mined to us based on the computing power we contribute.

During February and March 2025, our mining activity was reduced due to a planned fleet upgrade, which was completed on April 4, 2025. The fleet upgrade resulted in higher efficiency Antminer S21+ miners at our Salt Creek and Medicine Hat sites, which improved ASIC Compute operations.

On March 31, 2025, we launched American Bitcoin. Beginning April 1, 2025, ASIC Compute operations previously reported under our Compute segment remain under this segment but operate generally through our majority-owned subsidiary, American Bitcoin.

On August 5, 2025, American Bitcoin entered into an On-Rack Sales and Purchase Agreement (the “2025 ABTC Bitmain Purchase Agreement”) with Bitmain to purchase up to approximately 17,280 Bitmain Antminer U3S21EXPH ASIC miners (collectively, the “Bitmain Miners”), representing a total of approximately 14.86 EH/s. Concurrently with the execution of the 2025 ABTC Bitmain Purchase Agreement, American Bitcoin purchased 16,299 of the Bitmain Miners, representing a total of approximately 14.02 EH/s, for a total purchase price of approximately $314 million, paid through the pledge of Bitcoin at a mutually agreed upon fixed price. In September 2025, American Bitcoin purchased the remaining 981 Bitmain Miners for a total purchase price of $18.9 million, also paid through the pledge of Bitcoin at a mutually agreed upon fixed price. The Bitcoin pledged under the 2025 ABTC Bitmain Purchase Agreement has a redemption period of approximately 24 months from each pledge date.

In March 2026, our site in Drumheller, Alberta was reenergized in anticipation of the delivery and deployment of approximately 11,298 Bitcoin miners from American Bitcoin, representing approximately 3.05 EH/s at approximately 13.5 J/TH, for a total purchase price of $49.4 million, paid through the pledge of Bitcoin at a mutually agreed upon fixed price. The delivery and deployment of these Bitcoin miners was completed in April 2026, increasing American Bitcoin’s total owned fleet capacity from approximately 25.1 to approximately 28.1 EH/s while improving overall portfolio efficiency from approximately 16.3 to approximately 16.0 J/TH. The Bitcoin pledged for this purchase has a redemption period of approximately 24 months from the applicable pledge date. American Bitcoin may elect to extend the pledge period for an additional 12 months.

Traditional Cloud

Our Traditional Cloud segment reflects revenue generated by Hut 8 Canada. Traditional Cloud services support both public and private cloud deployments, managed backup, business continuity and disaster recovery services, and high-performance, high-capacity storage solutions at our five HPC locations across Canada. We employ a consumption-based fee structure where customers commit to a baseline level of compute, storage, network, or power usage as defined in their service agreements. Any usage beyond this baseline is typically billed incrementally, so costs are aligned with actual resource consumption and customers are afforded flexibility as their needs evolve.

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AI Cloud

Our AI Cloud assets are deployed under our wholly owned subsidiary, Highrise AI, Inc., at a third-party colocation site near Chicago, Illinois. This segment generates recurring revenue through contracts where customers pay for access to graphics processing units (“GPU”) compute resources under on-demand or committed-use arrangements.

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Other

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Our Other reporting segment included activities that fall outside the scope of our Power, Digital Infrastructure, and Compute layers.

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Equipment Sales and Repairs

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We may sell mining equipment when profitable opportunities arise (e.g., if market prices exceed our procurement cost). We may also repair miners for third parties in exchange for a fees, as we have a fully equipped, MicroBT-certified repair center space at our Medicine Hat site.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025