In early 2025, the Trump administration, in collaboration with the newly established Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) led by Elon Musk, initiated a significant reduction of the federal workforce. This initiative aimed to decrease the federal workforce by approximately 12%, resulting in over 275,000 announced layoffs across multiple federal agencies.

The Department of Defense planned to terminate about 5,400 probationary employees, while the Department of the Interior dismissed approximately 2,300 staff members. The Department of Energy faced reductions impacting critical areas, including the National Nuclear Security Administration. Additionally, the Department of Health and Human Services announced a reorganization plan involving a workforce reduction of about 20,000 employees, with significant cuts to the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Established in November 2024, DOGE was tasked with streamlining government operations and reducing expenditures. Elon Musk, appointed to lead DOGE, emphasized the need to "delete entire agencies" to eliminate inefficiencies. Musk's approach included offering "deferred resignation" plans to federal employees, granting pay through the end of September in exchange for agreeing to step down. Approximately 75,000 workers accepted this offer.

The mass layoffs have raised concerns about the stability and effectiveness of federal agencies. Critics argue that the rapid downsizing could undermine essential public services and national security. For instance, the dismissal of AI experts hired during the previous administration has been viewed as a setback for federal innovation and workforce stability.

Additionally, the cultural overhaul within Washington, D.C., including restructuring institutions like the Smithsonian and the Kennedy Center, has led to economic uncertainty and restrained consumer spending in the region.

The administration's actions have faced legal challenges. A federal judge cleared the deferred resignation program to proceed after it had been paused due to lawsuits from unions representing employees. Furthermore, the reinstatement of the controversial Schedule F policy, converting certain federal civil servants into at-will employees, has been met with opposition, with critics arguing it undermines traditional civil service protections.

While previous administrations have implemented measures to reduce government spending and streamline operations, the scale and speed of the current layoffs are unprecedented. The establishment of DOGE and the appointment of a high-profile business leader like Elon Musk to lead such an initiative mark a significant departure from traditional approaches to government efficiency.

The long-term effects of these mass layoffs on federal agencies and public services remain to be seen. Balancing the need for government efficiency with the provision of essential services continues to be a critical challenge for the administration.