Nepal's Social Media Ban Sparks Protests and Political Turmoil

In early September 2025, Nepal's government imposed a ban on 26 major social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube, citing the platforms' failure to register under new regulations aimed at curbing fake identities, misinformation, and hate speech. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) expressed serious concern, stating that the ban undermines constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression and the right to information.

The ban ignited widespread protests, predominantly led by Generation Z activists, who utilized social media as a primary means of communication and organization. Demonstrations began on September 8, 2025, with tens of thousands gathering in Kathmandu and other cities. Protesters expressed frustration over corruption, economic inequality, and the social media ban. The unrest escalated when demonstrators surrounded the Parliament building, leading to clashes with police, who used tear gas and water cannons. The violence resulted in at least 19 deaths and hundreds of injuries.

In response to the escalating violence, Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli resigned on September 9, 2025, in an attempt to ease the crisis. Despite his resignation, protests continued, highlighting deep-seated issues of corruption and governance. The government lifted the social media ban following the unrest.

The protests underscored the growing discontent among Nepal's youth regarding governance and freedom of expression. The ban and subsequent unrest raised concerns over digital freedom and the investment climate in Nepal. Experts warned that such actions could tarnish the country's international image, disrupt relations with global tech giants, and negatively impact the economy.

International observers called for restraint and dialogue to address the protesters' grievances and restore stability. The United Nations and human rights organizations criticized the use of disproportionate force by authorities and demanded transparent investigations and respect for the right to peaceful protest.

The events in Nepal serve as a significant case study on the intersection of digital rights, youth activism, and governance. The protests highlight the critical role of social media in modern political movements and the potential consequences of governmental overreach in digital spaces.