Long-lost Rubens Masterpiece "Christ on the Cross" to Be Auctioned in Paris

A long-lost masterpiece by 17th-century Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, titled "Christ on the Cross," has been discovered in a Parisian mansion and is slated for auction on November 30, 2025. The painting, dating back to 1613, was found by French auctioneer Jean-Pierre Osenat during an inventory of a private residence in Paris's 6th arrondissement in September 2024.

Measuring approximately 105.5 by 72.5 centimeters (41.3 by 28.5 inches), the artwork depicts Jesus Christ crucified against a dark, stormy sky, with Jerusalem visible in the background. This composition is notable for its dramatic portrayal of Christ's suffering, a theme Rubens revisited throughout his career.

The painting is believed to have been part of the collection of 19th-century French academic painter William-Adolphe Bouguereau before passing to the mansion's owners. Prior to its rediscovery, the artwork was presumed lost and known to art historians only through engravings, particularly one by Lucas Vorsterman I, which differed in several aspects from Rubens' original composition.

To confirm the painting's authenticity, Osenat consulted German art historian Nils Büttner, chair of the Centrum Rubenianum in Antwerp. Büttner employed methods such as X-ray imaging and pigment analysis, which revealed underdrawings and techniques consistent with Rubens' early career. Infrared reflectography showed contours drawn with oil paint, typical of Rubens, who often did not create preparatory drawings. Radiography indicated artistic changes, or pentimenti, suggesting the painting is a prototype rather than a copy.

The painting is in exceptional condition and is scheduled for auction on November 30, 2025, at Osenat Auction House in Versailles. While the auction house has not disclosed a price estimate, similar works by Rubens have fetched between $1 million and $5 million in recent years.

The rediscovery of "Christ on the Cross" offers scholars new insights into Rubens' early techniques and creative process, particularly his approach to religious themes during the Counter-Reformation. The find also underscores the potential for valuable artworks to remain hidden in private collections, prompting renewed interest in the provenance and authentication of art pieces.

Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) was a leading figure of the Baroque art movement, known for his dynamic compositions and masterful use of color and light. His works often depicted religious and mythological themes, reflecting his deep Catholic faith and the influence of the Counter-Reformation.

Jean-Pierre Osenat, president of Osenat Auction House, has a reputation for uncovering significant artworks. His discovery of the Rubens painting is considered a career-defining moment.

Nils Büttner, as chair of the Centrum Rubenianum, is a leading authority on Rubens. His expertise was instrumental in authenticating "Christ on the Cross."

The Centrum Rubenianum, located in Antwerp, is dedicated to the study and documentation of Rubens' work. It plays a crucial role in authenticating and cataloging the artist's oeuvre.

The discovery of "Christ on the Cross" is particularly noteworthy as it adds to the body of known works by Rubens, providing a tangible connection to his artistic endeavors during the early 17th century. The painting's reemergence after being presumed lost for over 400 years highlights the enduring relevance and intrigue of Old Master artworks.

The upcoming auction of "Christ on the Cross" is highly anticipated, with art enthusiasts and collectors eager to witness the sale of this rediscovered masterpiece.