Sanae Takaichi Poised to Become Japan's First Female Prime Minister Amid Political Turmoil

On October 4, 2025, Sanae Takaichi was elected leader of Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), positioning her to become the country's first female prime minister. Takaichi, 64, a conservative politician and protégé of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, secured victory in a runoff against Agriculture Minister Shinjiro Koizumi. Her election comes amid political instability, with the LDP seeking to regain public support following significant election losses.

In the initial round of the LDP presidential election, Takaichi led with 183 votes, followed by Koizumi with 164 votes. Since no candidate secured a majority, a runoff was held, where Takaichi emerged victorious with 185 votes against Koizumi's 156.

Takaichi's election marks a historic moment in Japan's male-dominated political landscape. However, experts caution that her leadership may not signify major progress for gender equality, given her conservative stance on issues such as dual surnames for married couples and female imperial succession.

Domestically, Takaichi faces challenges including economic pressures, political distrust, and a divided opposition. Her leadership is expected to continue the traditionalist, conservative policies reminiscent of Abe-era politics.

On October 10, 2025, the Komeito party announced its departure from the ruling coalition led by the LDP, citing concerns over corruption. Komeito leader Tetsuo Saito expressed dissatisfaction with the LDP’s inadequate response to political scandals and criticized Takaichi's lack of sincerity in addressing these issues. This move deals a critical blow to Takaichi’s bid to become prime minister, as the LDP now lacks majorities in both houses of parliament and must find new partners to retain power.

Takaichi has emphasized strengthening the Japan-U.S. alliance and pursuing a more active regional role. A parliamentary vote formalizing her prime ministership is expected in mid-October, ahead of a potential summit with U.S. President Donald Trump.

The departure of Komeito from the coalition underscores the challenges Takaichi faces in uniting a fractured party and coalition. Her leadership will be pivotal in navigating Japan's domestic policies and international relations, particularly concerning its alliances and regional security dynamics.