EU Climate Policy Meeting Highlights Divisions Ahead of COP30

On November 4, 2025, the European Union's Environment Council convened in Brussels to finalize a proposed amendment to the European Climate Law, aiming to establish a binding target of reducing net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 90% by 2040 compared to 1990 levels. This target serves as an intermediate step toward achieving climate neutrality by 2050. The meeting was crucial for determining the EU's unified position ahead of the COP30 summit in Belém, Brazil.

The European Commission's proposal for a 90% reduction by 2040 was introduced in July 2025, building upon the existing commitment to cut emissions by at least 55% by 2030. The proposal also outlines key elements and conditions that the Commission must reflect in its legislative proposals for the post-2030 policy framework to enable member states to achieve the 2040 target.

However, internal disagreements among member states have complicated the decision-making process. Countries such as Italy, Poland, and the Czech Republic have expressed concerns over the economic impact on industries, advocating for more flexibility in achieving the targets. Conversely, nations like the Netherlands and Spain are pushing for more ambitious climate action. Key points of contention include the extent to which foreign carbon credits can be utilized to meet targets and the flexibility mechanisms related to CO₂ absorption by forests.

A compromise draft suggests adjustments based on these factors, but consensus requires approval from at least 15 of the 27 EU member states. The outcome of this meeting is crucial, as it will determine the EU's unified position at the upcoming COP30 conference.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen emphasized the EU's commitment to reaching climate neutrality and cutting emissions by 90% by 2040, advocating for climate policy as a pillar of European sovereignty and industrial independence. She stated, "We must leave Belém with a clear path forward to keep 1.5°C within reach."

The internal disagreements highlight the challenges of balancing environmental goals with economic considerations, particularly for industries in member states concerned about the economic impact. The outcome of these negotiations will influence public perception of the EU's leadership in climate policy and its ability to unify diverse member states around common environmental objectives.

The Environment Council's meeting on November 4, 2025, is a critical juncture in the EU's climate policy. The decisions made will not only shape the EU's approach to the COP30 summit but also set the trajectory for its long-term climate strategy. Balancing the diverse interests of member states while maintaining ambitious climate goals remains a formidable challenge for the Union.