South Korea Announces Major Defense Expansion to Become Fourth-Largest Military Power by 2030

South Korean President Lee Jae Myung has announced an ambitious plan to elevate the nation's military stature, aiming to position South Korea as the world's fourth-largest defense power by 2030. Central to this initiative is a proposed 8.2% increase in the 2026 defense budget, raising it to 66.3 trillion won (approximately $47.1 billion).

The proposed budget marks the largest annual increase since 2019 and reflects South Korea's commitment to bolstering its defense capabilities amid escalating regional tensions. President Lee emphasized the importance of self-reliance in defense, stating, "To ensure peace and prosperity for the Republic of Korea, we must not depend on anyone else but strengthen our own power."

Focus on Advanced Technologies

A significant portion of the increased budget is allocated to developing advanced military technologies. The Ministry of National Defense plans to invest 340.2 billion won in artificial intelligence (AI)-based manned-unmanned teaming systems, nearly doubling the previous year's investment. This initiative aims to integrate AI, drones, and robotics into military operations to enhance combat effectiveness and prepare for future warfare scenarios.

Enhancement of the Three-Axis Deterrence System

The budget also prioritizes strengthening South Korea's three-axis deterrence system, designed to counter North Korean threats. This system comprises the Kill Chain pre-emptive strike platform, the Korea Air and Missile Defense (KAMD) system, and the Korea Massive Punishment and Retaliation (KMPR) strategy. Approximately 8.9 trillion won is allocated to enhance these capabilities, representing a 22.3% increase from the previous year. Notably, 5.3 trillion won is earmarked for Kill Chain capabilities, including the initial mass production of the domestically developed KF-21 fighter jet.

U.S.-South Korea Defense Collaboration

In addition to domestic investments, South Korea is strengthening its defense collaboration with the United States. The two nations have agreed on a new five-year plan to share the cost of maintaining American troops in South Korea. For 2026, South Korea's contribution will rise by 8.3% to 1.52 trillion won ($1.13 billion). This agreement reflects a mutual commitment to regional security and the modernization of the South Korea-U.S. alliance.

Regional Security Context

South Korea's defense expansion comes amid escalating regional tensions, particularly concerning North Korea's advancing military capabilities. In March 2025, North Korea unveiled a nuclear-powered submarine under construction, signaling a significant enhancement of its strategic assets. This development has heightened security concerns for South Korea and its allies, prompting a reassessment of defense strategies and capabilities.

Implications and Conclusion

South Korea's substantial increase in defense spending and focus on advanced military technologies underscore its commitment to self-reliant defense amid regional security challenges. President Lee's emphasis on national self-reliance reflects a strategic shift towards strengthening the country's defense posture. This move also aligns with U.S. interests in having allies take a greater role in regional security, allowing the U.S. to focus more on other strategic areas.

As South Korea pursues its goal of becoming a global defense power, the implications for regional power dynamics and global security are significant. The nation's investments in advanced technologies and strategic defense systems position it as a key player in maintaining stability in the Asia-Pacific region.