On April 30, 2025, a massive wildfire erupted near Jerusalem, leading to widespread evacuations, significant infrastructure disruptions, and the cancellation of Memorial Day ceremonies.

The fire ignited in the Eshtaol Forest near Neve Shalom, approximately 30 kilometers west of Jerusalem, and rapidly spread due to strong easterly winds and severe weather conditions. Communities including Neve Shalom, Beko'a, Ta'oz, Mevo Horon, Mishmar Ayalon, and Nahshon were evacuated. Major transportation routes, notably Route 1—the primary highway connecting Jerusalem to Tel Aviv—were closed as flames encroached upon the roadway. Motorists were forced to abandon their vehicles and flee on foot as the fire approached.

At least 13 individuals sustained injuries, primarily from smoke inhalation. Twelve people were hospitalized, while an additional ten received on-site medical treatment. No fatalities have been reported.

In response to the escalating emergency, Israel's National Security Minister, Itamar Ben-Gvir, announced the deployment of up to 150 firefighting teams to combat the blaze. The efforts included helicopters and all-terrain vehicles. Recognizing the severity of the situation, Israel requested international assistance, receiving commitments for firefighting aircraft from Italy and Croatia. Additionally, appeals were made to Greece, Cyprus, and Bulgaria for support.

The wildfires coincided with Israel's Memorial Day (Yom HaZikaron), leading to the cancellation of numerous ceremonies, including the main state event in Jerusalem. The national ceremony at Mount Herzl was among those canceled, with a recording of the dress rehearsal broadcasted instead.

Wildfires are a recurring challenge in the Jerusalem Mountains. Between 1987 and 2009, approximately 4,000 wildfire incidents occurred in the region, with large-scale fires (affecting at least 6,000 dunams) occurring on average once every 12 years. The last major wildfire in the area occurred in 2021.

In response to the increasing threat of wildfires, the Israeli government approved a NIS 155 million ($48 million) national plan in 2021 to enhance fire preparedness. The plan included creating firebreaks, improving coordination with airborne firefighting units, and strengthening the fire service.

The frequency and intensity of wildfires are projected to increase due to climate change. A UN Environment Program report from 2022 predicted a 14% rise in wildfire frequency by 2030 and a 50% increase by the end of the century. Factors contributing to this trend include higher temperatures, prolonged droughts, and decreased humidity.

The wildfires have had profound social impacts, including the displacement of thousands of residents, disruption of daily life, and the cancellation of significant national ceremonies. The event underscores the vulnerability of communities to natural disasters and highlights the importance of robust emergency preparedness and international cooperation.

The April 30, 2025, wildfires near Jerusalem underscore the escalating threat of wildfires in the region, exacerbated by climate change. The incident highlights the need for robust emergency response strategies, international cooperation, and proactive measures to mitigate future risks.