Germany has authorized Ukraine to use German-supplied long-range weapons to target military positions within Russia, marking a significant shift in its defense policy. Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced the decision on May 28, aligning Germany's stance with that of other Western allies.

Historically, Germany has maintained a cautious approach to arms exports, particularly concerning their use in active conflict zones. The Kriegswaffenkontrollgesetz, or Weapons of War Control Act, governs the production and transfer of war weapons in Germany. Under former Chancellor Olaf Scholz, Germany refrained from supplying long-range weapons to Ukraine, citing concerns over escalating the conflict. Scholz had explicitly rejected the use of German weapons on Russian territory, emphasizing the need to avoid further escalation.

The recent policy change under Chancellor Merz signifies a notable departure from this stance. Germany's authorization allows Ukraine to utilize German-supplied long-range weapons to strike military targets inside Russia. This decision aligns Germany with allies such as the United Kingdom and France, who have already provided similar support. While it remains unclear if Germany will supply Taurus missiles, Merz affirmed Ukraine's right to retaliate against Russian military positions.

In addition to this authorization, Germany has announced plans to assist Ukraine in developing its own long-range missile systems, free from Western-imposed use restrictions. This initiative includes joint projects aimed at manufacturing long-range weapons capable of targeting Russian-controlled locations, with Germany allocating approximately €5 billion for the endeavor.

The Kremlin condemned Germany's move, labeling it "dangerous" and counterproductive to peace efforts. This policy shift also comes amidst evolving U.S. policy, with President Trump reportedly reconsidering remaining restrictions on U.S.-supplied long-range missiles. Biden had previously authorized such use shortly after the 2024 election. Ukraine's use of British and American long-range missiles has already proven successful in targeting Russian sites.

Chancellor Merz emphasized allied unity, stating that no Western power now imposes range limitations. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is scheduled to meet Merz in Berlin, as diplomatic and military strategies evolve amid continued Russian aggression and uncertain talks of a ceasefire.

Germany's policy shift reflects a broader trend of European nations taking a more assertive stance in supporting Ukraine. This move may influence public opinion within Germany and across Europe, potentially leading to increased support for Ukraine or concerns about escalating the conflict. The decision also underscores the evolving nature of international alliances and the complexities of geopolitical strategies in response to ongoing conflicts.

This development marks a significant moment in Germany's defense policy, indicating a more proactive role in the Ukraine-Russia conflict and potentially reshaping the dynamics of international support for Ukraine.