On May 30, 2025, China, in collaboration with over 30 nations, formally established the International Organization for Mediation (IOMed) in Hong Kong, marking the world's first intergovernmental legal body dedicated to resolving international disputes through mediation.

The signing ceremony, held at the Grand Hyatt Hong Kong, was attended by representatives from countries including Indonesia, Pakistan, Laos, Cambodia, and Serbia, as well as about 20 international organizations, including the United Nations. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi presided over the event, emphasizing that the IOMed aims to "transcend the limitations of litigation and arbitration" and promote "win-win cooperation between disputing parties."

The organization's headquarters will be located in the Old Wan Chai Police Station in Hong Kong, with operations expected to commence by late 2025 or early 2026. This initiative underscores China's commitment to peaceful conflict resolution and enhances Hong Kong's status as a global dispute resolution center.

The IOMed is designed to provide a structured platform for resolving international disputes through mediation, distinguishing itself from judicial bodies like the International Court of Justice by emphasizing dialogue, mutual understanding, and consensus-building. The organization's scope includes disputes between countries, between a country and nationals of another country, and between private international entities.

The establishment of the IOMed aligns with China's broader strategy to enhance its role in global governance amid ongoing geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainties. In 2022, China and nearly 20 countries jointly initiated the establishment of the organization. Negotiations on the Convention on the Establishment of the International Organization for Mediation were successful, with a unanimous consensus to establish the organization's headquarters in Hong Kong.

In December 2022, the Hong Kong Chief Executive in Council enacted the International Organizations (Privileges and Immunities) (Amendment) Bill 2022, granting immunity to certain personnel of the Preparatory Office. In February 2023, the International Organization for Mediation Preparatory Office was officially established.

The establishment of the IOMed is expected to bolster Hong Kong's position as a leading arbitration center, countering efforts that seek to diminish its international relevance following recent political unrest and pandemic-related disruptions. However, some analysts express concerns about the protection of parties involved in Belt and Road Initiative-related disputes. Alicia Garcia-Herrero, chief Asia Pacific economist at Natixis, noted that while the move is beneficial for Hong Kong, there are concerns regarding the protection of parties involved in Belt and Road Initiative-related disputes.

The IOMed represents a significant development in international dispute resolution, offering a new platform for peaceful conflict resolution and reflecting China's growing influence in global governance.