Innovative Laser Treatment Developed for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Researchers at Aalto University in Finland have developed a laser-based treatment that may halt the progression of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss among older adults. This innovative approach uses controlled heat to stimulate the eye's natural repair mechanisms, potentially offering a breakthrough for millions affected by this currently untreatable condition.

Dry AMD affects approximately one-third of individuals over the age of 80, leading to gradual central vision loss. Unlike the "wet" form of AMD, which can be managed with anti-VEGF therapies, dry AMD currently lacks effective treatments.

The novel treatment developed by Aalto University involves applying precise thermal stimulation to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a layer of cells essential for retinal health. By heating the RPE to approximately 44.2°C, the process activates protective responses without causing oxidative stress or apoptosis. This controlled thermal stimulation induces the production of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which assist in refolding misfolded proteins and initiating autophagy—a process where cells degrade and recycle damaged components.

To ensure the precise application of heat, the treatment utilizes electroretinography (ERG)-based thermal dosimetry to monitor retinal temperature during laser exposure. This method allows for accurate temperature control, ensuring the heat is applied safely without damaging surrounding tissues.

Preclinical studies involving mice and pigs have demonstrated the efficacy of this laser treatment in activating protective cellular responses. Encouraged by these results, the research team plans to initiate human clinical trials in Finland in the spring of 2026 to assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment. Professor Ari Koskelainen, leading the research, expressed optimism about the timeline, stating, "An optimistic schedule would see the method already being used in hospital eye clinics in as little as three years' time."

To facilitate the transition from research to clinical application, the team has established a spin-off company named Maculaser. This company aims to commercialize the laser treatment, making it accessible to patients worldwide. Maculaser's mission is to provide effective and safe laser treatments for retinal disorders that impact the everyday life of millions of people globally.

The development of this laser-based treatment holds significant promise for individuals affected by dry AMD. If successful, it could provide the first effective intervention for a condition that currently leads to irreversible vision loss. This advancement could enhance the quality of life for millions of older adults, reducing the burden on healthcare systems and caregivers.

Currently, there are no effective treatments for dry AMD. In contrast, wet AMD is often managed with anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapies, such as aflibercept. However, these treatments are not suitable for the dry form of the disease. The laser-based approach developed by Aalto University offers a targeted solution specifically for dry AMD, addressing a significant unmet medical need.

As the research progresses towards human clinical trials, the medical community and patients alike are hopeful that this innovative treatment will soon become a viable option for those suffering from dry AMD.