On April 30, 2025, as Israel solemnly observed Memorial Day, a series of wildfires erupted in the Judean Mountains, west of Jerusalem, leading to the evacuation of over 10,000 residents and the closure of major highways. The fires, intensified by strong winds and dry conditions, consumed more than 25,000 dunams (approximately 6,170 acres) of land and resulted in at least 45 injuries, primarily due to smoke inhalation.

The affected areas included communities such as Neve Shalom, Beko'a, Ta'oz, Mevo Horon, Mishmar Ayalon, and Nahshon. Major transportation routes, notably Route 1 connecting Jerusalem to Tel Aviv, were closed as flames approached, causing motorists to abandon their vehicles and flee on foot. Television footage depicted thick smoke billowing over the hilltops, with fires burning along the highway.

In response to the rapidly spreading fires, Israel declared a national emergency and mobilized extensive resources. The Fire and Rescue Authority deployed 163 firefighting squads and 12 aircraft, while the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) dispatched search and rescue teams, fire engines, and construction vehicles to assist in containment efforts. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that firefighting planes from Italy and Croatia were expected to assist, with additional help requested from Greece, Cyprus, and Bulgaria.

The wildfires coincided with Israel's Memorial Day for fallen soldiers (Yom HaZikaron), leading to the cancellation of numerous commemorative events, including the main state ceremony in Jerusalem. The disruption of these solemn observances added to the emotional toll on the nation.

The environmental impact was significant, with approximately 70% of Canada Park, a notable recreational area, destroyed. The scale of destruction was compared to the 2010 Mount Carmel forest fire, which was one of the worst in Israel's history.

The cause of the wildfires is under investigation. Preliminary assessments suggest possible negligence by hikers, as the fires began in areas frequented by visitors. However, some officials, including National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir, have alleged arson, with reports of several Palestinians arrested on suspicion of attempted arson. A Telegram channel associated with Hamas reportedly urged Palestinians to set fires to fields and forests.

Prior to the 2025 wildfires, concerns were raised about Israel's preparedness for large-scale fires. Reports indicated a shortage of firefighting personnel and outdated equipment. The Fire and Rescue Authority's budget was increased in 2025, with funds allocated for new fire engines and technology. However, challenges remain in addressing the impacts of climate change and ensuring adequate resources for firefighting efforts.

The April 2025 wildfires underscore the growing threat of such disasters in the region, exacerbated by climate change and human activity. They highlight the need for enhanced emergency preparedness, international cooperation, and proactive measures to mitigate future risks.