Mali's Military Government Dissolves All Political Parties, Escalating Tensions

In a decisive move that has intensified political tensions, Mali's military government, led by General Assimi Goïta, dissolved all political parties on May 13, 2025, following a series of pro-democracy protests and escalating dissent.

This dissolution marks a significant escalation in the junta's consolidation of power, effectively stifling political opposition and raising serious concerns about the future of democracy and human rights in Mali.

Mali has been under military rule since coups in 2020 and 2021, with General Assimi Goïta at the helm. The transitional government had initially promised to hold elections by February 2022, but these have been repeatedly delayed. In April 2025, a national conference recommended appointing Goïta as president for a five-year term and dissolving all current political parties.

On May 3, 2025, hundreds of activists in Bamako held the first pro-democracy rally since the 2021 coup, protesting a proposed bill to dissolve political parties. The demonstration in Bamako was a significant event, marking the first large-scale public display of support for democracy since the military took power. Protesters voiced their opposition to the proposed dissolution of political parties and the extension of Goïta's mandate.

On May 7, 2025, the junta suspended all political party activities indefinitely, citing public order concerns. The government's decision to suspend all political party activities was justified on the grounds of maintaining public order. This move effectively stifled political dissent and was seen as a response to the growing opposition.

On May 13, 2025, President Assimi Goïta signed a decree officially dissolving all political parties and banning their meetings. The decree signed by Goïta dissolved all political parties and banned their meetings. This action was based on recommendations from a national political conference and has been perceived as a consolidation of power by the junta.

Opposition figures and civil society groups have condemned these actions as unconstitutional and a threat to democracy. Former Prime Minister Moussa Mara criticized the dissolution of political parties, stating it severely undermines reconciliation efforts. Political figures plan to challenge the decree in Mali's Constitutional Court, asserting that the Malian constitution guarantees the existence of political parties.

The United Nations has expressed deep concern over the suspension of political activities, urging the immediate repeal of the decree. Human rights organizations, including Human Rights Watch, have reported on the abduction of opposition politicians and the crackdown on dissent.

These political developments occur against a backdrop of ongoing security challenges in Mali, including attacks by extremist groups and allegations of human rights abuses by the military. For instance, Human Rights Watch has accused Malian military personnel of executing at least 22 individuals in Diafarabé, a village in central Mali’s Mopti region.

The recent actions by Mali's military government represent a significant shift in the country's political landscape, with potential long-term implications for governance, human rights, and regional stability. The situation continues to evolve, warranting close monitoring and analysis.