U.S. Faces Largest Measles Outbreak in 30 Years

The United States is confronting its most severe measles outbreak in over three decades, with 1,288 confirmed cases reported across 39 states as of July 8, 2025. This resurgence has resulted in three deaths and numerous hospitalizations, primarily affecting unvaccinated communities. Health officials are emphasizing the critical need for increased vaccination efforts to curb the spread of this highly contagious disease.

The current outbreak marks the highest annual measles case count since 1992, when 2,126 cases were reported. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) attributes this surge to declining vaccination rates, noting that 92% of the cases involve individuals who are unvaccinated or whose vaccination status is unknown. The largest concentration of cases is in West Texas, particularly within undervaccinated communities. The CDC reports that 88% of the cases are linked to 27 outbreaks this year, a significant increase from the 16 outbreaks reported in 2024.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. Symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, and a red rash that typically starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Complications can be severe, leading to pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is the primary preventive measure, with two doses providing 97% effectiveness. The first dose is recommended for children between 12 and 15 months of age, and the second between 4 and 6 years.

The outbreak has disproportionately affected undervaccinated communities, particularly in West Texas. Gaines County, Texas, has one of the highest rates of vaccine opt-outs among children, with nearly 14% skipping a required vaccine in the prior school year. The outbreak has been concentrated in a Mennonite community known to be under-vaccinated.

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., known for his previous anti-vaccine activism, has faced criticism for his handling of the outbreak. In a February 26, 2025, cabinet meeting, Kennedy stated, "We are following the measles epidemic every day. Incidentally, there have been four measles outbreaks this year. In this country last year there were 16. So, it's not unusual. We have measles outbreaks every year." This downplaying of the outbreak's severity has raised concerns among public health officials.

In response to the outbreak, the CDC continues to urge vaccinations to prevent further spread. The agency is providing technical assistance, laboratory support, and vaccines upon request to affected areas. Public health officials emphasize the importance of maintaining adequate levels of measles vaccination to prevent future outbreaks.

The 2025 measles outbreak serves as a stark reminder of the importance of vaccination and the dangers of misinformation. Rebuilding public trust in vaccines and strengthening immunization programs are essential to prevent future outbreaks and protect public health.