Israeli Airstrikes on Damascus Escalate Regional Tensions Amid Sectarian Violence in Syria
In a significant escalation of regional tensions, Israel conducted airstrikes on Damascus on July 16, 2025, targeting key Syrian government and military sites, including the Syrian Army General Command headquarters in Umayyad Square and areas near the presidential palace. The Syrian Health Ministry reported at least three fatalities and 34 injuries resulting from these strikes.
The airstrikes were a response to escalating violence in Syria's southern province of Sweida, a region predominantly inhabited by the Druze minority. Clashes erupted between Druze militias, Sunni Muslim Bedouin clans, and Syrian government forces, leading to significant casualties and displacement. The conflict intensified when the Syrian army sided with the Bedouins, prompting Israeli intervention under the pretext of protecting the Druze community.
The violence in Sweida began around July 13, 2025, following a highway robbery involving Bedouin clans and Druze militias. This incident escalated into days of sectarian violence, resulting in over 600 deaths, including more than 80 Druze civilians who were reportedly executed en masse. Survivors returning after a ceasefire found widespread destruction, looted homes, and bodies in the streets.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Turk, urged Syria's interim authorities to ensure accountability for recent killings and human rights violations in Sweida. He called for an immediate end to the violence and stressed the importance of protecting civilians.
The United States publicly distanced itself from Israel's airstrikes, expressing clear displeasure and denying support for the actions. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated, "We did not support Israel's recent action in Syria," emphasizing the need for de-escalation.
Regional powers, including Saudi Arabia and Turkey, condemned the Israeli strikes and reaffirmed support for Syria’s sovereignty. Lebanese Druze leader Walid Jumblatt rejected Israeli intervention, urging all parties to maintain the ceasefire and engage in national dialogue.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu asserted Israel's commitment to protecting the Druze community, stating that the airstrikes were a necessary response to prevent threats near their border.
Syrian interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa condemned the Israeli attacks, accusing Israel of attempting to destabilize the nation and vowing to protect its citizens. He praised the role of U.S., Arab, and Turkish mediation in facilitating a ceasefire.
A ceasefire agreement was reached on July 17, 2025, mediated by the United States, Turkey, and Arab nations. Under this agreement, Druze factions and clerics were appointed to maintain internal security in Sweida. Syrian government forces began withdrawing from the city, aligning with the terms of the ceasefire.
The Druze, constituting about three percent of Syria's population, have largely remained neutral during the country's civil war that began in 2011. However, recent events have drawn them into conflict, particularly in regions like Sweida. The current clashes and subsequent Israeli intervention mark a significant escalation in the region's complex sectarian dynamics.
The recent Israeli airstrikes in Damascus and the violent clashes in Sweida underscore the fragile and volatile nature of Syria's post-war landscape. The involvement of multiple state and non-state actors complicates efforts toward lasting peace and stability. Understanding the intricate web of alliances, historical grievances, and geopolitical interests is crucial for comprehending the current situation and anticipating future developments.