Controversy Mars Tanzania's Presidential Elections Amid Allegations of Electoral Fraud

On October 29, 2025, Tanzania held its general elections to elect the President, members of the National Assembly, and ward councillors. The ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party, led by incumbent President Samia Suluhu Hassan, was widely expected to retain power. However, the electoral process was marred by significant controversy, including the disqualification of major opposition parties and allegations of electoral irregularities.

In April 2025, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) disqualified the main opposition party, Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), for allegedly failing to sign a mandatory code of conduct agreement. CHADEMA contested this decision, arguing that the law prescribes penalties but not disqualification for such infractions. The party's leader, Tundu Lissu, was arrested and charged with treason after calling for electoral reforms. Other significant opposition parties faced similar disqualifications, effectively leaving President Hassan and the CCM running virtually unopposed.

On election day, protests erupted in Dar es Salaam and other regions, with demonstrators alleging electoral fraud and suppression of opposition parties. The government responded by deploying the military, imposing a curfew in the commercial capital, and shutting down internet services nationwide. Clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in casualties; the United Nations confirmed at least 10 deaths and urged security forces to avoid disproportionate force.

Human rights organizations expressed concerns over increasing repression of opposition figures, journalists, and civil society leading up to the elections. Amnesty International warned that the elections risked becoming a procedural affair devoid of legitimacy due to the government's actions. The United Nations and other international bodies have called for transparency and adherence to democratic principles in Tanzania's electoral process.

The disqualification of major opposition parties and the subsequent unrest have significant implications for Tanzania's democratic processes and social stability. The suppression of dissent and the use of force against protesters may erode public trust in governmental institutions and could lead to prolonged periods of unrest. The international community's response may also affect Tanzania's diplomatic relations and economic partnerships.

As Tanzania navigates this turbulent period, the future of its democracy hangs in the balance. The need for meaningful reforms to ensure free, fair, and credible elections has never been more pressing.