Tanzania's 2025 Elections Spark Nationwide Protests Amid Allegations of Misconduct

Tanzania's general elections on October 29, 2025, have ignited widespread unrest across the nation, following the disqualification of major opposition parties and allegations of electoral misconduct. The government's response, including military deployment, curfews, and internet restrictions, has drawn international condemnation and raised concerns about the state of democracy in the East African country.

The elections were marked by the exclusion of key opposition figures, notably Tundu Lissu, leader of the main opposition party CHADEMA. Lissu was charged with treason and his party was barred from participating after refusing to sign a mandatory electoral code of conduct, which they deemed unconstitutional. This left incumbent President Samia Suluhu Hassan of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party facing 16 minor party candidates.

Protests erupted in major cities, including Dar es Salaam, where demonstrators set vehicles and police stations ablaze. In response, the government deployed the military, imposed a curfew, and restricted internet access nationwide. Amnesty International reported that two people—a civilian and a police officer—were killed during the protests. Tigere Chagutah, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for East and Southern Africa, stated:

"Reports that one general member of the public and one police officer have been killed during election day protests across Tanzania are deeply disturbing. The risk of further escalation is high—we urge the police to exercise restraint and refrain from using unnecessary and excessive force against protesters."

The unrest has disrupted daily life, with curfews and security measures affecting businesses and public services. The government's actions have been met with criticism from international organizations. Amnesty International condemned the government's response, citing concerns over human rights violations and the suppression of political dissent. The organization called for a thorough and independent investigation into the use of force against protesters and urged authorities to respect human rights before, during, and after the elections.

Tanzania's political landscape has been dominated by the CCM since independence in 1961. President Hassan assumed office in 2021 following the death of her predecessor, John Magufuli. The 2025 elections were anticipated to be a test of the country's democratic processes, especially given previous concerns about political repression and lack of electoral transparency.

The disqualification of CHADEMA and the arrest of its leader, Tundu Lissu, have intensified public dissatisfaction, leading to widespread protests. The government's response, including military deployment and internet restrictions, has raised concerns about human rights and freedom of expression. The unrest has disrupted daily life, with curfews and security measures affecting businesses and public services.

The 2025 Tanzanian general elections have highlighted significant challenges in the country's democratic processes. The suppression of opposition parties, allegations of electoral misconduct, and the government's heavy-handed response to protests have drawn international condemnation and raised concerns about the future of democracy in Tanzania.