Controversial Elections in Tanzania Amid International Scrutiny

On October 29, 2025, Tanzania held its general elections, resulting in the re-election of incumbent President Samia Suluhu Hassan with 97.66% of the vote, as announced by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The election process, however, has been marred by significant controversy, including the exclusion of major opposition parties and subsequent violent protests across the country.

The 2025 Tanzanian general election has drawn substantial international attention and criticism. The disqualification of key opposition parties, allegations of electoral fraud, and the government's heavy-handed response to ensuing protests have raised concerns about the state of democracy and human rights in Tanzania.

President Hassan, representing the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party, faced 16 minor opposition candidates after key rivals were barred from the race. The main opposition party, Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema), was disqualified from participating after failing to sign a required code of conduct document. Its leader, Tundu Lissu, was arrested on charges of incitement and treason following calls for electoral reforms. Another significant opposition figure, Luhaga Mpina of the Alliance for Change and Transparency (ACT-Wazalendo), was also disqualified due to alleged procedural violations during the nomination process.

The exclusion of major opposition parties led to widespread protests across Tanzania. Demonstrations erupted in major cities, including Dar es Salaam, with protesters denouncing the election process as undemocratic. Security forces responded with tear gas, live ammunition, and imposed curfews. Reports of fatalities vary: Chadema claims between 1,000 and 2,000 deaths, the United Nations confirmed at least 10 fatalities, and other sources estimate over 500 deaths. The government dismissed the higher figures as exaggerated.

The African Union (AU) observer mission reported that the elections did not comply with democratic principles, citing instances of ballot stuffing and the expulsion of observers during vote counting. The United Nations called for an impartial investigation into the alleged excessive use of force by security forces. Additionally, the Catholic Church in Tanzania condemned the killings of protesters, emphasizing that protests should not be met with deadly force.

In response to the unrest, the Tanzanian government imposed curfews and restricted internet access. President Hassan defended the election's integrity, dismissed allegations of fraud and human rights violations, and emphasized the need for national stability.

The events surrounding the 2025 Tanzanian general election have significant implications for the country's democratic processes and political stability. The exclusion of major opposition parties and the subsequent violent suppression of protests have raised concerns about the state of democracy and human rights in Tanzania. The international community's critical response underscores the potential diplomatic and economic repercussions for the nation.

The 2025 Tanzanian general election has highlighted significant challenges in the country's democratic processes. The exclusion of opposition parties, allegations of electoral fraud, and the government's response to dissent have drawn widespread criticism. As Tanzania moves forward, addressing these concerns will be crucial for its political stability and international standing.