Mass Protests in Manila Highlight Deep-seated Corruption Concerns

On September 21, 2025, tens of thousands of Filipinos gathered in Manila to protest against alleged corruption in government flood control projects. The demonstrations, notably the "Baha sa Luneta" at Rizal Park and the "Trillion Peso March" at the EDSA Shrine, coincided with the 53rd anniversary of the 1972 martial law declaration, underscoring the nation's demand for transparency and accountability.

The protests were ignited by revelations that over half of the ₱1.9 trillion allocated for flood control over 15 years was lost to corruption. Investigations uncovered numerous "ghost" projects—initiatives that were officially approved and funded but never completed or even started. Reports indicated that a small group of contractors had secured contracts worth around ₱300 billion, raising concerns over competition and transparency.

The "Baha sa Luneta" at Rizal Park drew nearly 50,000 participants, including students, civil society organizations, and religious groups. Simultaneously, the "Trillion Peso March" at the EDSA Shrine saw significant attendance, with protesters voicing their anger over the corruption scandal. While the majority of the demonstrations remained peaceful, clashes near the presidential palace led to the arrest of 244 individuals accused of assaulting officers with rocks, bottles, and firebombs. Approximately 95 police officers were injured during these confrontations.

In response to the public outcry, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. established the Independent Commission for Infrastructure (ICI) through Executive Order No. 94 on September 11, 2025. This three-member body, chaired by former Supreme Court Associate Justice Andres Reyes Jr., is tasked with investigating irregularities in flood control projects and all national government infrastructure works. President Marcos expressed surprise over the extent of corruption and vowed to pursue accountability, stating that he understands the public's anger and would likely join the protests if he were not president.

The protests highlighted the deep-seated frustration among Filipinos regarding systemic corruption. The involvement of a diverse group of participants, including students and religious organizations, underscored the widespread demand for transparency and accountability. The demonstrations also coincided with the anniversary of the 1972 martial law declaration, drawing parallels between past and present governance issues.

The September 2025 anti-corruption protests in the Philippines were a significant manifestation of public discontent with systemic corruption, particularly concerning government infrastructure projects. The events underscored the populace's demand for transparency, accountability, and meaningful reform in governance.