Military Coup in Madagascar: Youth-Led Protests Oust President Rajoelina

In October 2025, Madagascar experienced a significant political upheaval as youth-led protests culminated in a military coup, resulting in the ousting of President Andry Rajoelina and the rise of Colonel Michael Randrianirina as the nation's new leader.

The unrest began in late September when widespread demonstrations erupted across the country, driven by public frustration over chronic power and water shortages, escalating inflation, and allegations of government corruption. The movement, spearheaded by a group known as "Gen Z Madagascar," rapidly gained momentum, drawing thousands into the streets of Antananarivo and other major cities.

On October 12, the elite military unit CAPSAT, commanded by Colonel Randrianirina, declared control over the armed forces and aligned itself with the protesters. The following day, the National Assembly impeached President Rajoelina, who subsequently fled the country, reportedly to Dubai. In a statement, Rajoelina condemned the takeover and refused to step down, despite the mounting pressure.

Colonel Michael Randrianirina, born on August 23, 1973, in Sevohipoty, Androy region, is a seasoned military officer with a history of political involvement. He trained at the Antsirabe Military Academy and served as Governor of Androy from 2016 to 2018. In 2022, he became the commander of CAPSAT. Randrianirina has been a vocal critic of President Rajoelina, leading to his arrest in November 2023 on charges of instigating a military mutiny and attempting a coup d'état. He was released in February 2024 after receiving a suspended sentence and returned to his position in CAPSAT.

The international community has responded with concern to the developments in Madagascar. The African Union suspended the country's membership, emphasizing the need for a return to constitutional order. The United Nations called for the restoration of legal governance and expressed apprehension over the potential for increased instability in the region.

The coup reflects deep-seated frustrations among Madagascar's youth, who face high unemployment and limited opportunities. The protests and subsequent political changes underscore the growing influence of youth-led movements in global politics. Economically, the instability has raised concerns about the potential suspension of international aid, which could exacerbate the country's humanitarian crisis.

As Madagascar navigates this transitional period, the actions of Colonel Randrianirina and his administration will be closely monitored both domestically and internationally. The path they choose will significantly impact the nation's political stability and economic recovery in the coming years.